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  • John 1:1-4 — (part 3) Joy and Friendship are the Products of Truth/Light/Love — LeGrand Baker

    In the first two parts of this discussion I have shown that truth, light, and love all share the same properties, that the fullness of truth is equivalent to a fullness of light, which is equivalent to a fullness of love, so they are different ways the scriptures have of describing the same thing.

    Here, I wish to show that a fullness of truth/light/love is equivalent to a fulness of joy which can only reach a fulness when it is reciprocated as eternal friendship.

    The place to begin our discussion must be the most inclusive statement of all. There is no equivocation in Lehi’s declaration that equates the purpose of the fall, the purpose of the Atonement, and joy as the purpose of our lives,

    25 Adam fell that men might be; and men are, that they might have joy.
    26 And the Messiah cometh in the fulness of time, that he may redeem the children of men from the fall (2 Nephi 2:5-26a).

    No doubt, Nephi understood the full ramifications of his father’s utterance. An angel had also taught him the relationship between joy, the Savior’s Atonement, and the power of the ordinances that give us access to them.

    18 And he said unto me: Behold, the virgin whom thou seest is the mother of the Son of God, after the manner of the flesh.
    19 And it came to pass that I beheld that she was carried away in the Spirit; and after she had been carried away in the Spirit for the space of a time the angel spake unto me, saying: Look!
    20 And I looked and beheld the virgin again, bearing a child in her arms.
    21 And the angel said unto me: Behold the Lamb of God, yea, even the Son of the Eternal Father! Knowest thou the meaning of the tree which thy father saw?
    22 And I answered him, saying: Yea, it is the love of God, which sheddeth itself abroad in the hearts of the children of men; wherefore, it is the most desirable above all things.
    23 And he spake unto me, saying: Yea, and the most joyous to the soul.
    24 And after he had said these words, he said unto me: Look! And I looked, and I beheld the Son of God going forth among the children of men; and I saw many fall down at his feet and worship him.
    25 And it came to pass that I beheld that the rod of iron, which my father had seen, was the word of God, which led to the fountain of living waters, or to the tree of life; which waters are a representation of the love of God; and I also beheld that the tree of life was a representation of the love of God.
    26 And the angel said unto me again: Look and behold the condescension of God!
    27 And I looked and beheld the Redeemer of the world, of whom my father had spoken; and I also beheld the prophet who should prepare the way before him. And the Lamb of God went forth and was baptized of him; and after he was baptized, I beheld the heavens open, and the Holy Ghost come down out of heaven and abide upon him in the form of a dove (1 Nephi 11:1-36).

    As with all else in this mortal world, one must learn to recognize and appreciate that kind of love/ joy and its source. The Lord promised the Prophet Joseph’s brother Hyrum,

    12 And now, verily, verily, I say unto thee, put your trust in that Spirit which leadeth to do good—yea, to do justly, to walk humbly, to judge righteously; and this is my Spirit.
    13 Verily, verily, I say unto you, I will impart unto you of my Spirit, which shall enlighten your mind, which shall fill your soul with joy (D&C 11:12-30).

    When Mormon described the Ammon’s experience with the Lamanite king and queen, he equated God’s light with the joy which was “infused into his soul.”

    6 Now, this was what Ammon desired, for he knew that king Lamoni was under the power of God; he knew that the dark veil of unbelief was being cast away from his mind, and the light which did light up his mind, which was the light of the glory of God, which was a marvelous light of his goodness—yea, this light had infused such joy into his soul, the cloud of darkness having been dispelled, and that the light of everlasting life was lit up in his soul, yea, he knew that this had overcome his natural frame, and he was carried away in God (Alma 19:6).

    The Lamanite king and queen were “overpowered with joy,” sank to the earth, and received marvelous visions (Alma 17-19 and 27:17).

    Again, when Mormon told us about Nephi and Lehi’s experience in the Lamanite prison, he described their “joy which is unspeakable” when they were “in the midst of a flaming fire” The fire is the shechinah which is the light of Christ made visible to spiritual eyes. {1}

    44 And Nephi and Lehi were in the midst of them; yea, they were encircled about; yea, they were as if in the midst of a flaming fire, yet it did harm them not, neither did it take hold upon the walls of the prison; and they were filled with that joy which is unspeakable and full of glory.
    45 And behold, the Holy Spirit of God did come down from heaven, and did enter into their hearts, and they were filled as if with fire, and they could speak forth marvelous words (Helaman 5:44-45).

    Peter taught the Saints that their persecutions were only temporary. Then told them of the promises that were theirs if they kept their covenants. “Unspeakable joy” is one of the steps that leads to “the salvation of your souls.”

    7 That the trial of your faith [pistis = covenants], being much more precious than of gold that perisheth, though it be tried with fire, might be found unto praise and honour and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ:
    8 Whom having not seen, ye love; in whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory:
    9 Receiving the end [the object or conclusion] of your faith [pistis = covenants], even the salvation of your souls (1 Peter 1:7-9).

    Joseph Smith used that same phrase when he described his reaction to the First Vision. There are four accounts of the First Vision that can be attributed directly to the Prophet. Here are excerpts from two of them.

    I kneeled again, my mouth was opened and my tongue loosed; I called on the Lord in mighty prayer. A pillar of fire appeared above my head; which presently rested down upon me, and filled me with unspeakable joy. A personage appeared in the midst of this pillar of flame, which was spread all around and yet nothing consumed. Another personage soon appeared like unto the first: he said unto me, “Thy sins are forgiven thee.” He testified also unto me that Jesus Christ is the son of God. I saw many angels in this vision. I was about 14 years old when I received this first communication.

    In another account the Prophet adds,

    And my soul was filled with love, and for many days I could rejoice with great joy, and the Lord was with me but I could find none that would believe the heavenly vision. {2}

    The quality of the joy we experience and radiate is determined by the quality of the truth/love/light that defines who we are. Joy is contagious and can infect the people around us. It can influence and enhance the quality of truth/love/light of the people with whom we associate. People who exude the light of joy gravitate to their same kind of people. That is an eternal principle (D&C 88:40). For that reason, the joy of the gospel is a very powerful missionary tool. In Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, we observed,

    Our very lives testify that this is true. As we acknowledge the eternal reality of a dear friend we become more alive. We begin to rediscover the eternal truth of who and what that friend was, is, and will be. That recognition opens a window through which we can get a glimpse of our own eternal Self. The light that emanates from the soul of one’s friend penetrates just a bit of the veil that clouds our memory of our own past eternal self. It reveals a shining new aspect of a forgotten portion of who and what we were before we came into this world. It does that by teaching us who our friend was and how dearly we loved him. As we re-experience the light that is his personality and goodness; we feel again the love we shared for each other before we came into mortality. The friendship brings more truth, light, and love that blend anew into a unity of joy. It gives new vibrance to our lives and helps us overcome the loneliness of this otherwise dreary world. Thus the friendship makes both beings more complete—more of what and who we were. The friend’s light seems also to extend a beckoning hand even beyond the veil of death that obscures the hope of our eternal future. {3}
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    Friendships are the cohesive power that gives meaning to truth/light/love/joy. Love/charity is the light/power that exudes from righteous persons. But if one only sent out their love with nowhere for it to go it would ring hollow and be meaningless. It would be equally meaningless if one could not be the recipient of other people’s love.

    Eternal life is about eternal relationships. We use the promise of the eternal continuity of our family togetherness as a way of describing celestial glory. However, that is not all. Salvation is also about an eternal duration of our appreciation of our Selves, and our relationships with our friends, as well as of our relationship with the Savior and his Father.

    (Similarly, the limited nature of one’s relationship with family, friends, and God is also a valid way of describing the characteristics of those who inherit the terrestrial and telestial glories, or no glory at all.)

    Absolute joy is celestial because there is no aloneness there. One of the great powers of God is his ability to love everyone, and to focus that love on just the one without diminishing his love for all the others. For us, that is the essence of parenthood, but it is also true friendship, because it is the ultimate description of charity. However, loving others is not enough. In all valid friendships, one must love and also be willing to be loved.

    One of the great stumbling blocks that prevent us from loving is pride. Pride is our accepting an self-defined illusion as our reality. It is an unsubstantial mask behind which we hide our Self from our self as well as from others. Crouching behind that facade that only we perceive as real, we pretend we are invulnerable — and thereby we preclude both our ability to love and to be loved. Our reality can give and receive love, but a mask cannot.

    For some it is difficult to be loved as our real Selves, because that requires our being real — exposed, vulnerable, and naked – not nude which means to be unclothed, but naked with means to be unmasked.

    The scriptures focus on our willingness to accept love just as they do on our need to give love. A characteristic of this life is that receiving love seems dependent upon someone else giving it. Consequently, many feel lonely. However, as is well known, the best antidote for loneliness is to find someone to be nice to. For Latter-day Saints, that often translates into doing temple work or engaging in family history which can be done even at home.

    Not long ago I wrote a short essay called “Ether 12:27 – weakness, strength, and humility; & pistis, hesed, and charity.” Its ideas belong as part of this one, so I invite you to read it. To find it search “Ether 12:27″ in this website.

    There, I pointed out that in the scriptures God’s love for us is a covenant relationship, just as is our love for him. And that the scriptures also use that same language to describe our friendships with each others — as covenant relationships.

    A New Testament word that gives a priesthood connotation to our friendship relationships, and that even transcends our mortal and post mortal veils, is “fellowship.” Paul spoke of the “fellowship of the mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God, who created all things by Jesus Christ.” The Greek word translated “mystery” was used by Paul to represent the early Christian temple service {4}

    7 Whereof I was made a minister, according to the gift of the grace of God given unto me by the effectual working of his power.
    8 Unto me, who am less than the least of all saints, is this grace given, that I should preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ;
    9 And to make all men see what is the fellowship of the mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God, who created all things by Jesus Christ:
    10 To the intent that now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known by the church the manifold wisdom of God,
    11 According to the eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord:
    12 In whom we have boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him (Ephesians 3:7-12).

    In what is surely one of the most beautiful testimonies ever written, John the Beloved invited all the Saints to be a part of that eternal fellowship.

    1 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, of the Word of life;
    2 (For the life was manifested, and we have seen it, and bear witness, and shew unto you that eternal life, which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us;)
    3 That which we have seen and heard declare we unto you, that ye also may have fellowship with us: and truly our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ.
    4 And these things write we unto you, that your joy may be full.
    5 This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.
    6 If we say that we have fellowship with him, and walk in darkness, we lie, and do not the truth:
    7 But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin (1 John 1:1-7).

    The Savior also invited his apostles — whom he called his friends — to be part of that eternal fellowship.

    34 A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
    35 By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another (John 13:34-35).
    …..
    7 If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you.
    8 Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit; so shall ye be my disciples.
    9 As the Father hath loved me, so have I loved you: continue ye in my love.
    10 If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as I have kept my Father’s commandments, and abide in his love.
    11 These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in you, and that your joy might be full.
    12 This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you.
    13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.
    14 Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you (John 15:1-27).

    Those words, “Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends,” are usually read as a prophecy and an explanation of the Savior’s impending death, but they may have had a double meaning, one that applied to the apostles. Another valid reading “lay down his life” might be “to commit one’s life to serving his friends (Strong # 5087).”

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    FOOTNOTES

    {1} See shechinah in the LDS Bible Dictionary.

    {2} Both quotes are from Dean C. Jessee, “The Early Accounts of Joseph Smith’s First Vision” (BYU Studies, Spring, 1969, 275-96), 287-91. I have quoted all four in Joseph and Moroni, pages 4-8. You will find it under “published books” in this website.

    {3} Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, First edition, 802-03; paperback 565-66.

    {4} Strong # 3466. “musterion, ‘mystery’ (through the idea of silence imposed by initiation into religious rites).” I use the old first edition of Strong because some of the newer versions tend to be too politically correct.

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  • John 1:1-4– (part 2) Truth, Light, and Love as equivalents — LeGrand Baker

    I believe that to understand the first 4 verses of John (whether in the King James Version or Joseph Smith’s Inspired Translation) one must recognize the relationships of Truth, Light, and Love. I have discussed their relationship in several places, and while I am aware that this post will be redundant to some readers, I would like to pull all of the previous discussions together into one place. So this is that place.

    1. I summed it up several years ago in Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord.

    2. In my last week’s post I discussed the relationship of truth and light. I showed that truth has the qualities of both information and energy. When the information/energy is assimilated by an intelligent entity, it causes that entity to emit light. The Savior is the Spirit of Truth and has all truth. His light fills the immensity of space and is the power by which all things are created and his light is the basic energy “substance” from which all matter is formed.

    3. In another post, I showed that light and love are also equivalents. That creates a wonderful scenario. If truth is information/energy that causes intelligent beings to radiate light; and if light is energy whose product is matter; and if love is the personal expressions of that light that radiates from each of us. Then love/charity is as substantial as light/matter. Therefore, truth, light, love are all the same thing. Together they are an expression of the power and the glory of the Savior and his father.

    4. The Savior’s light is much more than the small spectrum of photons that our eyes see. It is sometimes called the “glory of God” and is the veil that separates us from God. Consequently, it is the first thing the prophets see before they see God. I have discussed that in some detail in “Ether 2 & 3 — veil of light, of fire, of cloud, shechinah – LeGrand Baker.” However, it is 8 pages long, so I have decided not to reproduced here. You can find it quickly by searching “Ether 2 & 3.”

    If all matter is made of the Savior’s light, that would include our spirit bodies, as well as physical and resurrected bodies. However, each of us also assimilate truth’s information/energy. Therefore, each of us also emits his own light which is a perfect expression of our Selves. That ‘fingerprint” of truth/light/ love is an exact definition of who and what each one of us is. I will discuss that more fully in part 3 of this series. My post called “John 1=1-4 & Alma 13=1-20 — ‘in the beginning’ — ‘Orders’ of Premortal Priesthood – LeGrand Baker” is intended to be an introduction to that idea, but is not reproduced here.

    Now, here is the composite of essays which provides the rationale that supports the above conclusions.
    ——————————————————————————-

    1. The following is from Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, 801-02 (paperback edition, 564-65).

    The resurrection of the earth—and all else the Lord has made—is a gift of the Savior’s Atonement. However, the quality of one’s resurrection is conditional upon the spiritual truth, light, and love one has chosen to assimilate along the way.
    It appears that love, light, and truth are equivalents—they come from God and are expressions of his glory. The conclusion that they are actually the same thing is easy to come by. Truth is knowledge of eternal reality—“of things as they are, and as they were, and as they are to come.” That is, truth is knowledge of all reality in sacred time and space. The Savior is the Spirit of Truth, and “he comprehended all things, that he might be in all and through all things, the light of truth; Which truth shineth. This is the light of Christ …which light proceedeth forth from the presence of God to fill the immensity of space” (D&C 88:7-12, 93:24-26). Thus, both truth and light permeate and sustain everything in the universe. The fact that God’s love is also everywhere is a given that needs no proof. Since his light, truth, and love are everywhere and in every individual, they either occupy the same space at the same time, or else they are the same thing. If the latter is correct, then the differences we perceive are simply ways we have of describing the multiple effects of the power of his godliness. Joy is the product of truth/light/love. It is most meaningful when it is shared. The more we recognize and assimilate the truth/light/love of others, the greater the joy we and they experience.

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    2. The following is a excerpt from the discussion in part 1. It shows that truth is the source of the light with which living entities shine.

    John 1:1-4– (part 1) TRUTH — ‘In the beginning was the gospel preached through the Son’ — LeGrand Baker

    Just as scientists say visible light has properties of both waves and particles, something like seems to be true of “truth.” We just read that truth is information. Information does not shine, however, when truth is assimilated by an intelligent entity, that entity emits light. So truth seems also to have the properties of energy that produces light. We have also learned that an intelligence is “the light of truth,” suggesting that truth is the source of the light with which an intelligence shines.

    Section 88 explains that in terms that are not too big to contemplate, but much too big to understand. It says that the Savior “ascended up on high, as also he descended below all things, in that he comprehended all things, that he might be in all and through all things, the light of truth; Which truth shineth. This is the light of Christ. … The light which is in all things, which giveth life to all things, which is the law by which all things are governed, even the power of God who sitteth upon his throne, who is in the bosom of eternity, who is in the midst of all things.” The full statement reads as follows:

    1 Verily, thus saith the Lord unto you who have assembled yourselves together to receive his will concerning you:
    2 Behold, this is pleasing unto your Lord, and the angels rejoice over you; the alms of your prayers have come up into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth, and are recorded in the book of the names of the sanctified, even them of the celestial world.
    3 Wherefore, I now send upon you another Comforter, even upon you my friends, that it may abide in your hearts, even the Holy Spirit of promise; which other Comforter is the same that I promised unto my disciples, as is recorded in the testimony of John.
    4 This Comforter is the promise which I give unto you of eternal life, even the glory of the celestial kingdom;
    5 Which glory is that of the church of the Firstborn, even of God, the holiest of all, through Jesus Christ his Son—
    6 He that ascended up on high, as also he descended below all things, in that he comprehended all things, that he might be in all and through all things, the light of truth;
    7 Which truth shineth. This is the light of Christ. As also he is in the sun, and the light of the sun, and the power thereof by which it was made.
    8 As also he is in the moon, and is the light of the moon, and the power thereof by which it was made;
    9 As also the light of the stars, and the power thereof by which they were made;
    10 And the earth also, and the power thereof, even the earth upon which you stand.
    11 And the light which shineth, which giveth you light, is through him who enlighteneth your eyes, which is the same light that quickeneth your understandings;
    12 Which light proceedeth forth from the presence of God to fill the immensity of space—
    13 The light which is in all things, which giveth life to all things, which is the law by which all things are governed, even the power of God who sitteth upon his throne, who is in the bosom of eternity, who is in the midst of all things (D&C 88:1-13).

    That explanation may have arisen from questions generated from a previous revelation where the word of God is equated with truth, which is equated with light, which is equated with Spirit, which is equated with our having the necessary knowledge and power to fulfill our eternal covenants.

    44 For you shall live by every word that proceedeth forth from the mouth of God.
    45 For the word of the Lord is truth, and whatsoever is truth is light, and whatsoever is light is Spirit, even the Spirit of Jesus Christ.
    46 And the Spirit giveth light to every man that cometh into the world; and the Spirit enlighteneth every man through the world, that hearkeneth to the voice of the Spirit.
    47 And every one that hearkeneth to the voice of the Spirit cometh unto God, even the Father.
    48 And the Father teacheth him of the covenant which he has renewed and confirmed upon you, which is confirmed upon you for your sakes, and not for your sakes only, but for the sake of the whole world (D&C 84:44-48).

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    3. The following essay asserts that charity is light, and just as light has physical properties, so love also has those same physical properties. That means that love is tangible in the same way that light is a tangible part of what we are.

    Moroni 7:45-48 — Charity, our only way to the presence of God — LeGrand Baker

    I wish to address the question, What is charity on the inside? And why is it the final, and therefore the definitive quality that enables one to belong to an eternal Celestial society? Like Nephi, I will call it “love.” I will not discuss love as an emotion, but rather as the not-quite-intangible manifestation of the inmost part of our eternal being. To recognize charity/love as the “definitive quality” that leads to eternal life presupposes, as Mormon does, that it is a gift of the Spirit and is only taught by the Holy Ghost to those who have accepted, and are fulfilling, their premortal and earthly covenants.

    I have written elsewhere that truth, light, and love are different names we have to describe the same thing and that their product is peace and joy. The rationale behind their sameness is quite simple:

    Truth is information. It is knowledge of reality in sacred time— past, present, and future. Truth shines, but as raw information it does not shine. When truth becomes knowledge, the entity who knows shines with “light and truth.” The Savior shines with an enormous light (shechinah) that fills the immensity of space. {4} The revelations say:

    11 And the light which shineth, which giveth you light, is through him who enlighteneth your eyes, which is the same light that quickeneth your understandings.
    12 Which light proceedeth forth from the presence of God to fill the immensity of space—
    13 The light which is in all things, which giveth life to all things, which is the law by which all things are governed, even the power of God who sitteth upon his throne, who is in the bosom of eternity, who is in the midst of all things (D&C 88:11-13).

    10 The worlds were made by him; men were made by him; all things were made by him, and through him, and OF him (D&C 93:10). {5}

    Of course, all things were not made of the Savior’s person, but of that light that surrounds and defines him, and fills “the immensity of space.”

    There is nothing at all farfetched about the idea that all things are made of the light that radiates from the Savior’s person. That revelation is essentially substantiated by modern science. In theoretical physics, matter is energy. Whether we use Einstein’s famous formula that showed mass-energy equivalence, or the string theory that holds that all matter is made of little wiggles of energy. Energy is light and scientists have shown that matter can actually be “created” from light. {6}

    The Savior acquired that light in the only way one can: by assimilating truth. He testifies,

    26 The Spirit of truth is of God. I am the Spirit of truth, and John bore record of me, saying: He received a fulness of truth, yea, even of all truth (D&C 93:26).

    If the Savior’s light fills “the immensity of space” so does his truth. So does his love. His love is also in all things and sustains all things. His truth/light/love “giveth life to all things”

    The Savior’s truth, light, and love either occupy the same space at the same time, or they are equivalents. The latter is true. The words are simply different ways we have of describing the same thing. As we begin to understand this eternal triumvirate of truth/light/love, we begin to know something of the eternal majesty of Christ and his Father. However, it is also true that as we learn about that triumvirate, we learn more about our own eternal Self, and the path we must follow to become like them. {7}

    In our primal state, as intelligences, we are “the light of truth.”

    29 Man was also in the beginning with God. Intelligence, or the light of truth, was not created or made, neither indeed can be (D&C 93:29).

    An intelligence is an entity that assimilates truth and shines. The more truth it assimilates into it’s Self, the greater its light. That process most assuridly continues throughout our existence unless we choose to curtail it. As humans, that truth/light/love expands or contracts depending on how we use our agency. President McKay described it as the “radiation” that is the defining part of one’s Self.

    Every man and every person who lives in this world wields an influence, whether for good or for evil. It is not what he says alone; it is not alone what he does. It is what he is. Every man, every person radiates what he or she really is. Every person is a recipient of radiation. The Saviour was conscious of that. Whenever He came into the presence of an individual, He sensed that radiation — whether it was the woman of Samaria with her past life: whether it was the woman who was to be stoned, or the men who were to stone her; whether it was the statesman, Nicodemus, or one of the lepers. He was conscious of the radiation from the individual. And to a degree so are you. and so am I. It is what we are and what we radiate that affects the people around us. {8}

    When we meet a friend, and perceive the light that is in him, we love him. The lights merge and the love is reciprocated. For both persons, the products of truth/light/love are joy and peace, which are the essence of a full life. There can be no fullness of joy if we are alone. In the Celestial Kingdom people are sealed together in an eternal bond, and therefore, in the Celestial Kingdom their joy is complete. The Prophet Joseph explained,

    1 When the Savior shall appear we shall see him as he is. We shall see that he is a man like ourselves.
    2 And that same sociality which exists among us here will exist among us there, only it will be coupled with eternal glory, which glory we do not now enjoy (D&C 130:1-2).

    Little wonder he also said,

    Friendship is the grand fundamental principle of Mormonism, to revolution civilize the world—pour forth love. {9}

    It is impossible to distinguish between the quality of the light we radiate from the quality of the love we radiate.

    A beautiful description of the attraction such people have for each other was written by Apostle Parley P. Pratt as part of his explanation about the cleansing power of the Holy Ghost.

    In the presence of such persons, the light of their countenances, as the genial rays of a sunbeam. Their very atmosphere diffuses a thrill, a warm glow of pure gladness and sympathy, to the heart and nerves of others who have kindred feelings, or sympathy of spirit.{10}

    We are most comfortable among people who are like ourselves. The Lord put that fact in an eternal perspective when he said,

    40 For intelligence cleaveth unto intelligence; wisdom receiveth wisdom; truth embraceth truth; virtue loveth virtue; light cleaveth unto light; mercy hath compassion on mercy and claimeth her own; justice continueth its course and claimeth its own; judgment goeth before the face of him who sitteth upon the throne and governeth and executeth all things (D&C 88:40).

    We all radiate something, but not everyone radiates truth/light/love. Some people ooze contempt and darkness. {11} The Savior explained:

    34 The light of the body is the eye: therefore when thine eye is single, thy whole body also is full of li ght; but when thine eye is evil, thy body also is full of darkness.
    35 Take heed therefore that the light which is in thee be not darkness.
    36 If thy whole body therefore be full of light, having no part dark, the whole shall be full of light, as when the bright shining of a candle doth give thee light (Luke 11:34-36).

    Another equivalence of the Savior’s light is his law. In a description of the expansive power and extent of his light, he included this observation:

    13 The light which is in all things, which giveth life to all things, which is the law by which all things are governed, even the power of God (D&C 88:13).

    A little further on in that revelation he explained that the law of our own beings is the criteria that will determine our resurrected glory. The quality of our spirit — the truth/light/love/joy/peace that defines each person and radiates from us — also defines our eternal nature, and will ultimately determine the quality of our resurrected body. I understand this next scripture to say that just as earthly matter can be created from light, so pure truth/light/love becomes the stuff our resurrected body will be made of. Therefore, the quality of one’s truth/light/love is the defining characteristic of one’s eternal resurrected Self.

    28 They who are of a celestial spirit shall receive the same body which was a natural body; even ye shall receive your bodies, and your glory shall be that glory by which your bodies are quickened.
    29 Ye who are quickened by a portion of the celestial glory shall then receive of the same, even a fulness.
    30 And they who are quickened by a portion of the terrestrial glory shall then receive of the same, even a fulness.
    31 And also they who are quickened by a portion of the telestial glory shall then receive of the same, even a fulness.
    32 And they who remain shall also be quickened; nevertheless, they shall return again to their own place, to enjoy that which they are willing to receive, because they were not willing to enjoy that which they might have received (D&C 88:27-29).

    What I am suggesting is that charity is not simply an emotion, or an attitude of empathy, but it is a state of being, and that humans exude its warmth in a form of light/love that is perceptible, if not actually visible and tangible in the same way that light may be tangible. It is, in fact, the essence of one’s mortal and eternal being.

    Mormon began his sermon by identifying his audience as peacemakers. He commended them with these words:

    3 Wherefore, I would speak unto you that are of the church, that are the peaceable followers of Christ, and that have obtained a sufficient hope by which ye can enter into the rest of the Lord, from this time henceforth until ye shall rest with him in heaven.
    4 And now my brethren, I judge these things of you because of your peaceable walk with the children of men (Moroni 7:3-4).

    A peacemaker is one who loves others and therefore knows his place in the cosmos; he is comfortable with who he is, and spreads that comfort to those around him so they may feel at peace also. Mormon taught that the personal and extended power of that peace is magnified as charity is perfected. He explained,

    45 And charity suffereth long, and is kind, and envieth not, and is not puffed up, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil, and rejoiceth not in iniquity but rejoiceth in the truth, beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things (Moroni 7:45).

    Paul also understood charity to be “the greatest of all” human attributes.

    4 Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up,
    5 Doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil;
    6 Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth;
    7 Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things.
    8 Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.
    9 For we know in part, and we prophesy in part.
    10 But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.
    11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things.
    12 For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.
    13 And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity (1 Corinthians 13:4-13).

    Like Paul who wrote “the greatest of these is charity,” Mormon also taught that charity was the ultimate reach of personal human perfection, so also of personal priesthood power. Remember, this was a priesthood meeting, so priesthood responsibility is the unspoken thread that ties all of the ideas together. Mormon said,

    46 Wherefore, my beloved brethren, if ye have not charity, ye are nothing, for charity never faileth. Wherefore, cleave unto charity, which is the greatest of all, for all things must fail—
    47 But charity is the pure love of Christ, and it endureth forever; and whoso is found possessed of it at the last day, it shall be well with him (Moroni 7:46-47).

    When his son Moroni closed the Book of Mormon, it was with that same admonition, except he used different words: “come unto Christ, and be perfected in him …. and love God with all your might, mind and strength …. that ye become holy, without spot (Moroni 10:32-33).”

    When one’s person is “holy, without spot,” he is “quickened by a portion of the celestial glory.” Only such persons can receive a celestial body.

    I believe love is also the ultimate sealing power. The priesthood ordinances are absolutely necessary to preserve order, justice, and continuity, and to validate the covenants, but without charity those ordinances and covenants have little meaning. Without charity we are sealed to neither family nor friends. In that aloneness we become, in terms of Mormon’s understanding, simply a “nothing.”

    Mormon words, “But charity is the pure love of Christ, and it endureth forever; and whoso is found possessed of it at the last day, it shall be well with him,” introduces us to the conclusion of his sermon. That conclusion, like his beginning, is the same as the Savior’s Beatitude:

    9 And blessed are all the peacemakers, for they shall be called [that is, given a new covenant/royal name] the children of God (3 Nephi 12:9).

    Mormon brings his sermon to a crescendo with that same new covenant king-name, but rather than citing it as a name, he makes it a reality.

    48 Wherefore, my beloved brethren, pray unto the Father with all the energy of heart, that ye may be filled with this love, which he hath bestowed upon all who are true followers of his Son, Jesus Christ; that ye may become the sons of God; that when he shall appear we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is; that we may have this hope; that we may be purified even as he is pure. Amen (Moroni 7:48).

    Section 76 explains what that means:

    92 And thus we saw the glory of the celestial, which excels in all things—where God, even the Father, reigns upon his throne forever and ever;
    93 Before whose throne all things bow in humble reverence, and give him glory forever and ever.
    94 They who dwell in his presence are the church of the Firstborn; and they see as they are seen, and know as they are known, having received of his fulness and of his grace;
    95 And he makes them equal in power, and in might, and in dominion.
    96 And the glory of the celestial is one, even as the glory of the sun is one (D&C 76:92-96).

    Charity (the truth/light/love/joy/peace we radiate) is the only self-power that can prepare a person to live in such an environment.
    ——————

    FOOTNOTES

    {1} Chauncey C. Riddle,“A BYU for Zion,” BYU Studies, vol. 16 (1975-1976), Number 4 – Summer 1976, 491. Chauncey’s other writings can be found on his website: “Chauncey Riddle, The Life’s work of a Latter-day Philosopher,” address: chaunceyriddle.com

    {2} See our discussion of the Law of Consecration in Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, first edition, 252-53; paperback edition, 180.

    {3}Mormon shows the importance of peace at the very beginning of this sermon and as the Savior did in the Beatitudes. The Savior said,
    8 And blessed are all the pure in heart, for they shall see God.
    9 And blessed are all the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God (3 Nephi 12:8-9).
    Elsewhere he adds,
    Therefore, verily, thus saith the Lord, let Zion rejoice, for this is Zion—THE PURE IN HEART; therefore, let Zion rejoice, while all the wicked shall mourn (D&C 97:21).
    In this sequence, as in Moroni 7:2-4, peacemakers are those who have been redeemed and therefore are the personification of both charity and peace.

    {4} Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, first edition, 1034-41; paperback edition, 716-21. Some parts of this essay are lifted from those pages.

    {5} In Joseph Smith’s poem A Vision, he wrote:

    And I heard a great voice bearing record from heav’n,
    He’s the Saviour and only begotten of God;
    By him, of him, and through him, the worlds were all made,
    Even all that careen in the heavens so broad.

    Whose inhabitants, too, from the first to the last,
    Are sav’d by the very same Saviour of ours;
    And, of course, are begotten God’s daughters and sons
    By the very same truths and the very same powers.

    (The poem was published in the Times and Seasons, February 1, 1843.)

    {6} For an interesting read, Google “making matter from light” and read articles about how scientists can “create” matter from light.

    {7} We explained more fully the eternal grandeur of the triumvirate of truth/light/love in Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, 1034-37; paperback edition, 716-18. Some evidence that truth, light, love. and life are the same things are in D&C 88:4-7,11-13; D&C 93:8-10, 24-28; D&C 84:45; JST John 1:1-21.

    D&C 88:4-7,11-13
    4 This Comforter is the promise which I give unto you of eternal life, even the glory of the celestial kingdom;
    5 Which glory is that of the church of the Firstborn, even of God, the holiest of all, through Jesus Christ his Son—
    6 He that ascended up on high, as also he descended below all things, in that he comprehended all things, that he might be in all and through all things, the light of truth;
    7 Which truth shineth. This is the light of Christ. …
    11 And the light which shineth, which giveth you light, is through him who enlighteneth your eyes, which is the same light that quickeneth your understandings;
    12 Which light proceedeth forth from the presence of God to fill the immensity of space—
    13 The light which is in all things, which giveth life to all things, which is the law by which all things are governed, even the power of God.

    D&C 93:8-10, 24-28.
    8 Therefore, in the beginning the Word was, for he was the Word, even the messenger of salvation—
    9 The light and the Redeemer of the world; the Spirit of truth, who came into the world, because the world was made by him, and in him was the life of men and the light of men.
    10 The worlds were made by him; men were made by him; all things were made by him, and through him, and of him. …

    24 And truth is knowledge of things as they are, and as they were, and as they are to come;
    25 And whatsoever is more or less than this is the spirit of that wicked one who was a liar from the beginning.
    26 The Spirit of truth is of God. I am the Spirit of truth, and John bore record of me, saying: He received a fulness of truth, yea, even of all truth;
    27 And no man receiveth a fulness unless he keepeth his commandments.
    28 He that keepeth his commandments receiveth truth and light, until he is glorified in truth and knoweth all things.

    {8}President David O. McKay, “Radiation of the Individual,” The Instructor, October, 1964, p. 373-374.

    {9} Joseph Smith, The Words of Joseph Smith: The Contemporary Accounts of the Nauvoo Discourses of the Prophet Joseph, compiled and edited by Andrew F. Ehat and Lyndon W. Cook (Provo: BYU Religious Studies Center, 1980), 234.

    {10} Parley P. Pratt, Key to the Science of Theology/A Voice of Warning (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1965), 101 – 102.)

    In its context, that statement reads:

    The gift of the Holy Spirit adapts itself to all these organs or attributes. It quickens all the intellectual faculties, increases, enlarges, expands and purifies all the natural passions and affections; and adapts them, by the gift of wisdom, to their lawful use. It inspires, develops, cultivates and matures all the fine-toned sympathies, joys, tastes, kindred feelings and affections of our nature. It inspires virtue, kindness, goodness, tenderness, gentleness and charity. It develops beauty of person, form and features. It tends to health, vigor, animation and social feeling. It develops and invigorates all the faculties of the physical and intellectual man. It strengthens, invigorates, and gives tone to the nerves. In short, it is, as it were, marrow to the bone, joy to the heart, light to the eyes, music to the ears, and life to the whole being.

    In the presence of such persons, the light of their countenances, as the genial rays of a sunbeam. Their very atmosphere diffuses a thrill, a warm glow of pure gladness and sympathy, to the heart and nerves of others who have kindred feelings, or sympathy of spirit. No matter if the parties are strangers, entirely unknown to each other in person or character; no matter if they have never spoken to each other, each will be apt to remark in his own mind, and perhaps exclaim, when referring to the interview—”O what an atmosphere encircles that stranger! How my heart thrilled with pure and holy feelings in his presence! What confidence and sympathy he inspired! his countenance and spirit gave me more assurance, than a thousand written recommendations, or introductory letters.” Such is the gift of the Holy Spirit, and such are its operations, when received through the lawful channel—the divine, eternal Priesthood.

    {11} In theory, charity means loving everyone. In practice the definition of love has to be qualified to make the theory workable. We cannot learn to love everyone until after we learn to love just the one. The guy who said, “I love mankind, its people I can’t stand,” got it all wrong. But I think J. Golden Kimball got it right when he said, “The Lord said we should love everyone, and I do, but I love some a damnsight more than I love others.” His point is, I think, that there is a difference between loving someone and liking them. So how do you love someone you don’t even like. On its fringes, love also includes empathy, kindness, and even service. We can feel that kind of love toward people we may not feel comfortable being around, the kind of people we would not take into our confidence and certainly would not want to be our bosom friends. We can share a much richer love with people we actually like, and more especially with people we trust. That richer love includes devotion, loyalty, affection, and intimacy. With very special people that includes physical intimacy, however, with other friends it would include emotional, spiritual, and even academic intimacy.

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  • John 1:1-4 & D&C 93 — (part 1) ‘In the beginning was the gospel preached through the Son’ — LeGrand Baker

    There are words which the prophets equate with the Savior. The Savior uses those same words to describe himself. They are truth, light, and love. Their products are joy and life. The words carry enormous meanings — so big that we tend to read over them rather than ask what they are really telling us. I would like to analyze those descriptions of the Savior within their scriptural context, with the understanding that the results of that analysis will only be my opinions.

    The first is “truth.,” which John calls “ the Word” and the Prophet Joseph calls “the gospel.”

    John personifies the Savior as “the Word” which can be understood as both knowing and teaching truth. {1}

    1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
    2 The same was in the beginning with God.
    3 All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
    4 In him was life; and the life was the light of men (John 1:1-4).

    The Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible says it differently.

    1 In the beginning was the gospel preached through the Son. And the gospel was the word, and the word was with the Son, and the Son was with God, and the Son was of God.
    2 The same was in the beginning with God.
    3 All things were made by him; and without him was not anything made which was made.
    4 In him was the gospel, and the gospel was the life, and the life was the light of men (JST John 1:1-4.).

    There is no discord between John’s “In him was life; and the life was the light of men ” and the Prophet’s “In him was the gospel, and the gospel was the life, and the life was the light of men.” The reason is that the gospel is truth. Truth, light, and love are cosmic equivalents and their product is joy which equates to a fulness of life.

    I would like to discuss the relationships of truth, light, and love. I hope to show that they are simply different ways the scriptures have of describing the Savior’s power and glory. The high point of that triumvirate is love. That is also the greatest commandment. It is also the key to our eternal exaltation. Since that triumvirate of truth/light/love also represents what we must become, it behooves us to try to understand its meaning. The Prophet Joseph said,

    It is the first principle of the Gospel to know for a certainty the Character of God,
    If men do not comprehend the character of God, they do not comprehend themselves. {2}

    The testimony in the Doctrine and Covenants ties those ideas together. However, rather than saying the Savior is the personification of the gospel, it gives us his name-title; he is “the Spirit of Truth.”

    6 And John saw and bore record of the fulness of my glory, and the fulness of John’s record is hereafter to be revealed.
    7 And he bore record, saying: I saw his glory, that he was in the beginning, before the world was;
    8 Therefore, in the beginning the Word was, for he was the Word, even the messenger of salvation—
    9 The light and the Redeemer of the world; the Spirit of truth, who came into the world, because the world was made by him, and in him was the life of men and the light of men.
    10 The worlds were made by him; men were made by him; all things were made by him, and through him, and of him (D&C 93:6-10).

    Much of the 93rd section of the Doctrine and Covenants is a discussion of the relationship between truth, light, and joy, with its focus on truth. In addition to the verses just quoted it says,

    21 And now, verily I say unto you, I was in the beginning with the Father, and am the Firstborn;
    22 And all those who are begotten through me are partakers of the glory of the same, and are the church of the Firstborn.
    23 Ye were also in the beginning with the Father; that which is Spirit, even the Spirit of truth;
    24 And truth is knowledge of things as they are, and as they were, and as they are to come;
    25 And whatsoever is more or less than this is the spirit of that wicked one who was a liar from the beginning.
    26 The Spirit of truth is of God. I am the Spirit of truth, and John bore record of me, saying: He received a fulness of truth, yea, even of all truth;
    27 And no man receiveth a fulness unless he keepeth his commandments.
    28 He that keepeth his commandments receiveth truth and light, until he is glorified in truth and knoweth all things.
    29 Man was also in the beginning with God. Intelligence, or the light of truth, was not created or made, neither indeed can be.
    30 All truth is independent in that sphere in which God has placed it, to act for itself, as all intelligence also; otherwise there is no existence.
    31 Behold, here is the agency of man, and here is the condemnation of man; because that which was from the beginning is plainly manifest unto them, and they receive not the light.
    32 And every man whose spirit receiveth not the light is under condemnation.
    33 For man is spirit. The elements are eternal, and spirit and element, inseparably connected, receive a fulness of joy;
    34 And when separated, man cannot receive a fulness of joy.
    35 The elements are the tabernacle of God; yea, man is the tabernacle of God, even temples; and whatsoever temple is defiled, God shall destroy that temple.
    36 The glory of God is intelligence, or, in other words, light and truth.
    37 Light and truth forsake that evil one (D&C 93:21-37).

    Let us begin our analysis with the definitions, first of truth, then of the Savior’s name-title.

    24 And truth is knowledge of things as they are, and as they were, and as they are to come;

    26 The Spirit of truth is of God. I am the Spirit of truth, and John bore record of me, saying: He received a fulness of truth, yea, even of all truth;

    Truth is knowledge of reality in sacred time. The Savior knows all truth and therefore is the personification of ALL truth.

    There are two other definitions to consider. An intelligence is “the light of truth,” but the glory of God is “light and truth.” The phrase “light of truth” says light is a product of the truth, while “light and truth” emphasizes the fulness of each. John says very much the same thing:

    14 And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth (John 1:14).

    Now, with that I have come to the very edge of my understand and am about to tumble over that cliff. This is the way I see it.

    Just as scientists say visible light has properties of both waves and particles, something like seems to be true of “truth.” We just read that truth is information. Information does not shine, however, when truth is assimilated by an intelligent entity, that entity emits light. So truth seems also to have the properties of energy that produces light. We have also learned that an intelligence is “the light of truth,” suggesting that truth is the source of the light with which an intelligence shines.

    Section 88 explains that in terms that are not too big to contemplate, but much too big to understand. It says that the Savior “ascended up on high, as also he descended below all things, in that he comprehended all things, that he might be in all and through all things, the light of truth; Which truth shineth. This is the light of Christ. … The light which is in all things, which giveth life to all things, which is the law by which all things are governed, even the power of God who sitteth upon his throne, who is in the bosom of eternity, who is in the midst of all things.” The full statement reads as follows:

    1 Verily, thus saith the Lord unto you who have assembled yourselves together to receive his will concerning you:
    2 Behold, this is pleasing unto your Lord, and the angels rejoice over you; the alms of your prayers have come up into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth, and are recorded in the book of the names of the sanctified, even them of the celestial world.
    3 Wherefore, I now send upon you another Comforter, even upon you my friends, that it may abide in your hearts, even the Holy Spirit of promise; which other Comforter is the same that I promised unto my disciples, as is recorded in the testimony of John.
    4 This Comforter is the promise which I give unto you of eternal life, even the glory of the celestial kingdom;
    5 Which glory is that of the church of the Firstborn, even of God, the holiest of all, through Jesus Christ his Son—
    6 He that ascended up on high, as also he descended below all things, in that he comprehended all things, that he might be in all and through all things, the light of truth;
    7 Which truth shineth. This is the light of Christ. As also he is in the sun, and the light of the sun, and the power thereof by which it was made.
    8 As also he is in the moon, and is the light of the moon, and the power thereof by which it was made;
    9 As also the light of the stars, and the power thereof by which they were made;
    10 And the earth also, and the power thereof, even the earth upon which you stand.
    11 And the light which shineth, which giveth you light, is through him who enlighteneth your eyes, which is the same light that quickeneth your understandings;
    12 Which light proceedeth forth from the presence of God to fill the immensity of space
    13 The light which is in all things, which giveth life to all things, which is the law by which all things are governed, even the power of God who sitteth upon his throne, who is in the bosom of eternity, who is in the midst of all things (D&C 88:1-13).

    That explanation may have arisen from questions generated from a previous revelation where the word of God is equated with truth, which is equated with light, which is equated with Spirit, which is equated with our having the necessary knowledge and power to fulfill our eternal covenants.

    44 For you shall live by every word that proceedeth forth from the mouth of God.
    45 For the word of the Lord is truth, and whatsoever is truth is light, and whatsoever is light is Spirit, even the Spirit of Jesus Christ.
    46 And the Spirit giveth light to every man that cometh into the world; and the Spirit enlighteneth every man through the world, that hearkeneth to the voice of the Spirit.
    47 And every one that hearkeneth to the voice of the Spirit cometh unto God, even the Father.
    48 And the Father teacheth him of the covenant which he has renewed and confirmed upon you, which is confirmed upon you for your sakes, and not for your sakes only, but for the sake of the whole world (D&C 84:44-48).

    I understand that an intelligence is an entity that assimilates truth and shines. If that is correct then it follows that the more truth it assimilates, the more it shines. The Savior “received a fulness of truth, yea, even of all truth.” His truth shines to produce the aura of light that surrounds his person and fills the immensity of space. It is the power by which all things are made and gives life to all things. This aura is “light and truth” which is the glory of God. Therefore, the Savior’s truth and his light are different expressions of the same power.

    So it is with us. As intelligences we were the personification of the truth we assimilated and we expressed that truth by the light we radiated. We still are that way. President David O. McKay taught that the light we radiate is an integral part of our very beings. We cannot hide it from discerning persons. It (or the darkness that is the lack of it) is the very essence of who and what we are. {3}

    That is the nature of truth as I understand it. Next we must examine the nature of light and ask how it can be the power by which all things are made and by which we have life.

    Exploring the depths of such gospel principles is great fun for me, and I recognize that one of its most important values is that the opinions it generates are only a work in progress. At best it asks questions but does not presume to answer all of them. That’s OK because the asking is the most stimulating part.

    We have only begun to explore the meanings of the triumvirate of truth/ light/ love and its relationship with joy and life, so that has to continue next week.
    ————————————

    FOOTNOTES

    {1} See my discussion of logos, in last week’s post: “John 1:1-2 — ‘In the beginning was the Word’ — LeGrand Baker”

    {2} The quotes are from different parts of the King Follett discourse. Joseph Smith, Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, selected and arranged by Joseph Fielding Smith (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1976), 345 and 343.

    {3} President Mckay’s essay, “Radiation of the Individual” can be found under “favorite quotes” in this website.

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  • John 1:1-2 — ‘In the beginning was the Word’ — LeGrand Baker

    The first words of the Gospel of John personifies Jehovah as “the Word.”

    1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
    2 The same was in the beginning with God.

    That may be difficult for us to understand, but it was not difficult for the Greek-speaking audience to whom John wrote.

    The Greek word translated as “word” is logos (Strong #3056 ). It has many shades of meaning: it is both the words spoken and the system of thought behind those words; the subject under discussion or the speech used in the conversation; ideas in a questions of law, reasoning, and rationale. It is the reflections of one’s own mind; speech, treaties, utterance, etc. Even though “Word” does not have as comprehensive a meaning as logos, “Word” is still a valid translation.

    The Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible does not change that meaning, but it makes it easier for us to understand.

    1 In the beginning was the gospel preached through the Son. And the gospel was the word, and the word was with the Son, and the Son was with God, and the Son was of God.
    2 The same was in the beginning with God (JST john 1:1-2).

    The Savior further clarified John’s personification of “the Word” in a revelation to the Prophet Joseph when he said,

    26 The Spirit of truth is of God. I am the Spirit of truth, and John bore record of me, saying: He received a fulness of truth, yea, even of all truth (D&C 93:26).

    All three versions combine to help us to understand that by virtue of the eternal sweep of his Atonement, the Savior is the personification of the gospel and the source of the teachings.

    Earlier in Section 93 John’s testimony is quoted more fully.

    6 And John saw and bore record of the fulness of my glory, and the fulness of John’s record is hereafter to be revealed.
    7 And he bore record, saying: I saw his glory, that he was in the beginning, before the world was;
    8 Therefore, in the beginning the Word was, for he was the Word, even the messenger of salvation—
    9 The light and the Redeemer of the world; the Spirit of truth, who came into the world, because the world was made by him, and in him was the life of men and the light of men.
    10 The worlds were made by him; men were made by him; all things were made by him, and through him, and of him (D&C 93:6-10).

    If I understand those statements correctly, they mean that the Savior, the Firstborn and Only Begotten Son of the Father, taught us the gospel from the very earliest beginnings of our cognizance. That concept acknowledges that the Savior has had a pivotal role in every phase of our very early and continued maturation.

    One’s having truth presupposes one’s having priesthood, for there are some truths that one cannot understand unless one is “authorize us to believe.”

    George A. Smith, while serving in the First Presidency, reported: “Joseph Smith taught that every man and woman should seek the Lord for wisdom, that they might get knowledge from Him who is the fountain of knowledge; and the promises of the gospel, as revealed, were such as to authorize us to believe, that by taking this course we should gain the object of our pursuit.” {1}

    That same doctrine is taught in the scriptures. Two examples are:

    27 And no man receiveth a fulness [of truth] unless he keepeth his commandments.
    28 He that keepeth his commandments receiveth truth and light, until he is glorified in truth and knoweth all things (D&C 93:27-28).

    Of course, one cannot keep all the commandments unless they are available to us through the priesthood and its attendant covenants and ordinances. So, to be authorized to believe, one must first have the necessary priesthood authority to be able to know what to believe.

    19 And this greater priesthood administereth the gospel and holdeth the key of the mysteries of the kingdom, even the key of the knowledge of God.
    20 Therefore, in the ordinances thereof, the power of godliness is manifest (D&C 84:19-20).

    Some priesthood blessings are tied to one’s birthright. (That is why the birthright blessings of Abraham are so important to Latter-day Saints.) When the Lord explained the rights of bishopric to the Prophet Joseph, he said,

    17 For the firstborn holds the right of the presidency over this priesthood, and the keys or authority of the same (D&C 68:17).

    The same is, no doubt, true of the eternal priesthood. Therefore, in another place, the Savior explained,

    21 And now, verily I say unto you, I was in the beginning with the Father, and am the Firstborn;
    22 And all those who are begotten through me are partakers of the glory of the same, and are the church of the Firstborn.
    23 Ye were also in the beginning with the Father; that which is Spirit, even the Spirit of truth;
    24 And truth is knowledge of things as they are, and as they were, and as they are come;
    25 And whatsoever is more or less than this is the spirit of that wicked one who was a liar from the beginning.
    26 The Spirit of truth is of God. I am the Spirit of truth, and John bore record of me, saying: He received a fulness of truth, yea, even of all truth;
    27 And no man receiveth a fulness unless he keepeth his commandments (D&C 93:21-27).

    These scriptures teach us a great deal about the premortal Savior. He is the personification of truth by virtue of his birthright as the Firstborn Son of the Father. Now we are left with this most important of questions: Did Jehovah hold the rights of priesthood because he happened to be the first one born, or was he the Firstborn because he had already earned those rights? In my last post I discussed the orders of premortal priesthood described in Alma 13. Alma calls the priesthood held by the intelligences “the order of the Son.” He teaches that both the gospel and the priesthood that enabled its covenants were ascribed to the Savior before intelligences were born into the spirit world. Using Alma 13 as evidence, the answer to our questions must be that the Savior had already earned the right to be the First Born and Only Begotten Son of the Father.

    In John the Beloved’s Revelation, he uses an intriguing description of the Savior and makes it more intriguing by the challenge that follows it.

    8 And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.
    9 If any man have an ear, let him hear (Revelation 13:8-9).

    The phrase, “the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world” is not found elsewhere in the Bible, but we can know from the Book of Moses that it had once been in the Hebrew scriptures. The context is this:

    45 And it came to pass that Enoch looked; and from Noah, he beheld all the families of the earth; and he cried unto the Lord, saying: When shall the day of the Lord come? When shall the blood of the Righteous be shed, that all they that mourn may be sanctified and have eternal life?
    46 And the Lord said: It shall be in the meridian of time, in the days of wickedness and vengeance.
    47 And behold, Enoch saw the day of the coming of the Son of Man, even in the flesh; and his soul rejoiced, saying: The Righteous is lifted up, and the Lamb is slain from the foundation of the world; and through faith I am in the bosom of the Father, and behold, Zion is with me (Moses 7:45-47).

    The Savior suggested that same idea when he introduced himself to the Nephites. First the Father spoke to them and said,

    7 Behold my Beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased, in whom I have glorified my name—hear ye him.

    Then the Savior appeared.

    9 And it came to pass that he stretched forth his hand and spake unto the people, saying:
    10 Behold, I am Jesus Christ, whom the prophets testified shall come into the world.
    11 And behold, I am the light and the life of the world; and I have drunk out of that bitter cup which the Father hath given me, and have glorified the Father in taking upon me the sins of the world, in the which I have suffered the will of the Father in all things from the beginning (3 Nephi 11:5-11).

    I do not pretend to understand the eternal ramifications of the Atonement, but perhaps part of the question was clarified when the Savior introduced himself to the brother of Jared.

    14 Behold, I am he who was prepared from the foundation of the world to redeem my people. Behold, I am Jesus Christ. I am the Father and the Son. In me shall all mankind have life, and that eternally, even they who shall believe on my name; and they shall become my sons and my daughters (Ether 3:14).

    It is further clarified by this explanation given to the Prophet Joseph.

    40 For intelligence cleaveth unto intelligence; wisdom receiveth wisdom; truth embraceth truth; virtue loveth virtue; light cleaveth unto light; mercy hath compassion on mercy and claimeth her own; justice continueth its course and claimeth its own; judgment goeth before the face of him who sitteth upon the throne and governeth and executeth all things.
    41 He comprehendeth all things, and all things are before him, and all things are round about him; and he is above all things, and in all things, and is through all things, and is round about all things; and all things are by him, and of him, even God, forever and ever (D&C 88:33-45).

    It is appropriate to conclude this discussion with two testimonies written by the Prophet Joseph Smith. The first was dictated by him as he and Sidney Rigdon received the revelation that is section 76 of the Doctrine and Covenants.

    22 And now, after the many testimonies which have been given of him, this is the testimony, last of all, which we give of him: That he lives!
    23 For we saw him, even on the right hand of God; and we heard the voice bearing record that he is the Only Begotten of the Father—
    24 That by him, and through him, and of him, the worlds are and were created, and the inhabitants thereof are begotten sons and daughters unto God (D&C 76:22-24).

    The second is somewhat similar, but more personal and more explicit. It is a few stanzas from a poem called “A Vision,” by the Prophet, published on February 1, 1843, in the Times and Seasons.

    And now after all of the proofs made of him,
    By witnesses truly, by whom he was known,
    This is mine, last of all, that he lives; yea, he lives!
    And sits at the right hand of God on his throne.

    And I heard a great voice bearing record from heav’n,
    He’s the Saviour and only begotten of God;
    By him, of him, and through him, the worlds were all made,
    Even all that careen in the heavens so broad.

    Whose inhabitants, too, from the first to the last,
    Are sav’d by the very same Saviour of ours;
    And, of course, are begotten God’s daughters and sons
    By the very same truths and the very same powers. {2}

    John’s introduction saying that the Savior is the very personification the truth that is the gospel, is only that, an introduction. It provides a background from which to consider what else he is going to tell us about the Savior’s eternal nature. The profundity of this and the rest of John’s testimony is beyond my understanding, but it is wonderful to contemplate.

    ——————————–
    FOOTNOTES

    {1} Joseph Smith [Melchizedek Priesthood manual], (Salt Lake City, Utah, published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 2007), 266.

    {2} The eternal and universal sweep of the Savior’s knowledge and powers is suggested by the following.

    Apostle John Taylor wrote an editorial called “Origin, Object, and Destiny of Women.” It was published in The Mormon, New York, New York, August 29, 1857. The following is only part of one paragraph, but it should really be read in context. You will find the entire editorial in “Favorite Quotes” in this website. Part of the editorial reads:

    Knowest thou not that eternities ago, thy spirit, pure and holy, dwelt in thy Heavenly Father’s bosom, and in his presence, and with thy mother, one of the Queens of heaven, surrounded by thy brother and sister spirts in the spirit world, among the Gods. That as thy spirit beheld the scenes transpiring there, and thou growing in intelligence, thou sawest worlds upon worlds organized and peopled with thy kindred spirits, took upon them tabernacles, died, were resurrected, and received their exaltation on the redeemed worlds they once dwelt upon. Thou being willing and anxious to imitate them, waiting and desirous to obtain a body, a resurrection and exaltation also….

    The other interesting statement is from the Book of the Secrets of Enoch. The following is from Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, 142-47. The part of the quote that relates to our question is in 24:1, “I tell to thee even before the very beginning, all that I created from non-being, and visible things from invisible.” Two accounts that appear to be similar to the events described by Enoch are, Revelation 12:1-9; 1 Nephi 1:8-15.

    I have a very simple rule for judging the value of the apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha. The rule is this. If it is apparent that the author knew the ancient temple drama, I give his writings serious consideration. If it is apparent that he did not, I treat is as fiction. Using that criterion, I have great respect for the writings of Enoch. (see footnote B).

    The full quote from Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord reads as follows:

    ——————————–
    The most complete description of a sode experience found in the non-canonical works is in one of the books of Enoch. It reads:

    24:1 And the Lord summoned me, and said to me: Enoch, sit down on my left with Gabriel.’ And I bowed down to the Lord, and the Lord spoke
    2 to me: Enoch, beloved, all thou seest, all things that are standing finished I tell to thee even before the very beginning, all that I created from non-being, and visible things from invisible.
    3 Hear, Enoch, and take in these my words, for not to My angels have I told my secret, and I have not told them their rise, nor my endless realm, nor have they understood my creating,
    4 which I tell thee to-day. For before all things were visible, I alone used to go about in the invisible things, like the sun from east to west, and west to from west to east. But even the sun has peace in itself, while I found no peace, because I was creating all things, and I conceived the thought of placing foundations, and of creating visible creation.
    25:1 I commanded in the very lowest parts, that visible things should come down from invisible, and Adoil [the footnote reads Adoil. is from Hebrew roots that mean ‘the hand of God.’ ] came down very great, and I beheld
    2 him, and lo! he had a belly of great light. And I said to him: ‘Become undone, Adoil, and let
    3 the visible come out of thee.’ And he came undone, and a great light came out. And I was in the midst of the great light, and as there is born light from light, there came forth a great age, and showed all creation, which I had thought to
    4 create. And I saw that it was good. And I placed for myself a throne, and took my seat on it, and said to the light: ‘Go thou up higher and fix thyself high above the throne, and be
    5 a foundation to the highest things.’ And above the light there is nothing else, and then I bent up and looked up from my throne.
    26:1 And I summoned the very lowest a second time, and said: Let Archas come forth hard, and he came forth hard from the invisible.
    2 And Archas came forth, hard, heavy, and very red.
    3 And I said: Be opened, Archas, and let there be born from you, and he came undone, an age came forth, very great and very dark, bearing the creation of all lower things, and I saw that it was good and said to him:
    4 Go thence down below, and make yourself firm, and be a foundation for the lower things, and it happened and he went down and fixed himself, and became the foundation for the lower things, and below the darkness there is nothing else. {A}

    In this vision, Enoch {B} reports that God had created a perfect balance between good and evil, providing the full spectrum of options for each of his children. In the vision, God is represented as sitting on his throne below the light and above the darkness—that is, in the center—where he and his temple always are. {C}
    ———————

    FOOTNOTES from Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord

    {A} Book of the Secrets of Enoch, in The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English, 2 vols. Translated and edited by R. H. Charles. 2: 431-69. Oxford: Clarendon, 1976. 2:442-45.

    {B} Early Jews and Christians considered the books of Enoch as an important part of their most sacred literature. For example, compare Jude 1:14-16 with 1 Enoch 1:9.

    14 And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints,
    15 To execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him.
    16 These are murmurers, complainers, walking after their own lusts; and their mouth speaketh great swelling words, having men’s persons in admiration because of advantage (Jude 1:14-16).

    And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of His holy ones
    To execute judgement upon all,
    And to destroy all the ungodly:
    And to convict all flesh
    Of all the works of their ungodliness which they have ungodly committed,
    And of all the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him (1 Enoch 1:9).
    (The Book of Enoch, tras. R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976), 2: 189.)

    {C} When the Prophet Joseph wrote a poetic version of his vision, he made its meaning even more clear.

    I’ll surely reveal all my myst’ries to them—
    The great hidden myst’ries in my kingdom stor’d;
    From the council in Kolob, to time on the earth,
    (Joseph Smith, “A Vision,” in Times and Seasons, February 1, 1843).

    Abraham 3:3-4 reads:

    3 And the Lord said unto me: These are the governing ones; and the name of the great one is Kolob, because it is near unto me, for I am the Lord thy God: I have set this one to govern all those which belong to the same order as that upon which thou standest.
    4 And the Lord said unto me, by the Urim and Thummim, that Kolob was after the manner of the Lord, according to its times and seasons in the revolutions thereof; that one revolution was a day unto the Lord, after his manner of reckoning, it being one thousand years according to the time appointed unto that whereon thou standest. This is the reckoning of the Lord’s time, according to the reckoning of Kolob.

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  • John 1:1-4 & Alma 13:1-20 — “in the beginning” — “Orders” of Premortal Priesthood — LeGrand Baker

    1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
    2 The same was in the beginning with God.
    3 All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
    4 In him was life; and the life was the light of men (John 1:1-4).

    Wilfred Griggs once told me that he asked Hugh Nibley if he had ever considered writing a commentary on the gospel of John. Nibley’s response was something like this: “No, I haven’t. It would take 300 or 400 pages, then I would be to verse 5.”

    That seems reasonable to me, but I don’t intend to write anywhere near that much. I think the best place to start would be to discuss eternal priesthood in light of the Savior’s Atonement and the place to begin to do that is to review Alma 13:1-21.

    Like everything else I write, this is only my opinion, but like my other opinions, I like this one a lot.

    Alma’s words to Zeezrom are organized as follows:

    Verse 1 — ORDINATION OF MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL IN HEAVEN. This maps to Abraham 3:23.

    Verses 2-5 — FLASHBACK: PRIESTHOOD OF INTELLIGENCES. This maps to Abraham 3:22.

    Verses 6-9 — RELATIONSHIP OF THE TWO PREMORTAL PRIESTHOODS

    Verses 10-20 — THE MORTAL PRIESTHOOD

    In the following quotes, I have put the word “order” in all caps to facilitate reading the texts as a discussion of priesthood orders.

    ————————–
    Verse 1 — ORDINATION OF MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL IN HEAVEN. This maps to Abraham 3:23.

    23 And God saw these souls that they were good, and he stood in the midst of them, and he said: These I will make my rulers; for he stood among those that were spirits, and he saw that they were good; and he said unto me: Abraham, thou art one of them; thou wast chosen before thou wast born.

    ————————–

    1 And again, my brethren, I would cite your minds forward to the time when the Lord God gave these commandments unto his children

    In these passages, the word “forward” has two different and opposite meanings. The meanings are made apparent by their contexts. The first “forward” projects our thinking to the distant past, “forward to the time when the Lord God gave [past tense] these commandments unto his children .” The second meaning projects our minds to the future, “in a manner that thereby the people might know in what manner to look forward to his Son for redemption.”

    In order to make the first “forward” fit with the past tense “gave,” all we have to do is read the world’s best English dictionary to discover that Joseph used precisely the right word if he intended to project our thinking toward the very beginning of time. The first definition of “forward” in the Oxford English Dictionary is an absolute vindication of the use of that word with a past tense verb. It reads,

    1. In OE [Old English] used in partitive concord: The front part of (any thing material); the first or earliest part of (a period of time, etc.).

    Discovering the time frame of the story as “the first or earliest part of time, when the Lord God [Heavenly Father] gave these commandments unto his children” is the key to our understand the rest of the verse, as well as to our understanding the entire chapter.

    to the time when the Lord God [Heavenly Father] gave these commandments unto his children [his spirit children];

    Before their birth in the spirit world they had been the noble and great intelligences who were organized, probably in priesthood quorums as is suggested further on in chapter 13. They are now his spirit children who were members of the Council in Heaven

    “After” is another word that has different meanings and both meanings are used in this chapter. As with forward, the meaning of “after” has to be determined by its context. The usual meaning of after is following — “subsequent to in time, or behind in place.” The other meaning is “in the characteristic manner of.” There is nothing unusual about using the same word with different meanings. After I wrote the sentence about this being my opinion, I was amused to notice that I had used the word “like” three times and with two entirely different meanings.

    and I would that ye should remember that the Lord God ordained priests, after [in the manner of] his holy ORDER, which was after [following] the ORDER of his Son,

    The context insists on those two meanings of “after” The first one clearly says that they were ordained to the priesthood ORDER of the Father. The second “after” has to be a statement of sequence because it would make no sense at all for the Father’s priesthood to be a subset of the ORDER of the Son. So that “after” has to mean “following.”

    to teach these things unto the people

    Immediately before this, Alma had walked Zeezrom through the steps of the Nephite temple service (Alma 12:28-34). Here, as elsewhere in the Book of Mormon, “these things” is code for that temple drama. However, in this context it is a premortal temple drama (probably the same one Paul describes in Ephesians 1). The Father ordains his “children” to teach to the “people.” “People” and “children” are not the same I thing. At the Council in Heaven, “Children” would be his spirit children and “people” would be those intelligences who had not yet been born into a spirit body. As far as I can tell, this is the same event as is described in Abraham 3:23. The stories are different because in Abraham 3:22 – 4:1 the noble and great ones create the spirit world, while in Alma 13 they are ordained to teach the intelligences how to prepare to inherit that spirit world. (For a discussion of why I think the world described there is the spirit world, go to the scriptures section of this website, then Pearl of Great Price, then Abraham 3:22.)

    ————————–
    Verses 2-5 — FLASHBACK: PRIESTHOOD OF INTELLIGENCES. This maps to Abraham 3:22.

    22 Now the Lord had shown unto me, Abraham, the intelligences that were organized [into priesthood quorums] before the world was; and among all these there were many of the noble and great ones;

    ————————–

    2 And those priests [the children] were ordained after [in the manner of] the ORDER of his Son, in a manner that thereby the people [intelligences] might know in what manner to look forward to his Son for redemption.

    Their object is to teach the people how to come into the presence of God. That’s what “redemption” means in Ether 3:10-13; 2 Nephi 1:15, 2:3-4; Alma 58:41; Helaman 14:16-18.

    3 And this is the manner after which they [the children] were ordained—being called and prepared from the foundation of the world according to the foreknowledge of God, on account of their exceeding faith and good works; in the first place [I do not believe that “first place” here is a colloquialism. I read it as meaning FIRST PLACE — that is, when they were intelligences] being left to choose good or evil; therefore they having chosen good, and exercising exceedingly great faith [pistis — “great faith” would be keeping those covenants with diligence], are called with a holy calling, yea, with that holy calling which was prepared with, and according to, a preparatory redemption for such.

    We learned in verse 2 that “those priests were ordained after the ORDER of his Son, in a manner that thereby the people might know in what manner to look forward to his Son for redemption.” Here we are told the purpose of the priesthood to which they were ordained when they were intelligences. This priesthood, after the ORDER of the Son, “was prepared with, and according to, a preparatory redemption for such.” As intelligences they have not yet been born as spirit children of our heavenly parents. This priesthood after the ORDER of the Son is to enable them to do that. Their being born into God’s presence as his children was a “preparatory redemption” rather than the final one. The final redemption will come after their resurrection, when they will enter the presence of God and be able to remain there.

    4 And thus they have been called to this holy calling on account of their faith [if faith is pistis, as it is elsewhere in the Book of Mormon, then what Alma says is that their calling came because they had kept their covenants], while others would reject the Spirit of God on account of the hardness of their hearts and blindness of their minds [Alma had just defined a hardness of heart as choosing not to know the “mysteries of God” (Alma 12:9-11)], while, if it had not been for this they might have had as great privilege as their brethren.

    This statement, and the explanation that follows express one of the most fundamental and most important principles of the gospel. It reaches back into eternity to the origin of our free agency at the very beginning of our cognizance.

    5 Or in fine, in the first place they were on the same standing with their brethren;

    If, in the first place they were on the same standing of those who eventually became the noble and great ones, and if they might have had as great privilege as their brethren had they not hardened their hearts, then we must conclude that any differences that developed between them and the noble and great ones were the products of their own choices. That would be equally true for the noble and great as well as for those who were not.

    At this juncture Alma calls our minds back to the Council in Heaven in verse 1, where those noble and great ones, who were now spirits, were ordained after the ORDER of the Father.

    In the story told by Abraham, that same juncture is tucked away between verses 22 and 23. (Abraham 3:22-23)

    22 Now the Lord had shown unto me, Abraham, the intelligences that were organized [into priesthood quorums] before the world was; and among all these there were many of the noble and great ones;

    There is a spirit birth between these two verses. The noble and great intelligences are next described as “for he stood among those that were spirits.” Spirits are intelligences who now inhabit spirit bodies, just as mortals are intelligences who inhabit both spirit and mortal bodies (see the explanations by B. H. Roberts in this website under “favorite quotes”).

    23 And God saw these souls that they were good, and he stood in the midst of them, and he said: These I will make my rulers; for he stood among those that were spirits, and he saw that they were good; and he said unto me: Abraham, thou art one of them; thou wast chosen before thou wast born. [Which “born”? I suspect “both” would be the correct answer.]

    Alma continues by merging the qualifications of the earlier priesthood with the qualifications of the order of the Father. The qualifications are “for such as would not harden their hearts.”

    The definition of “this holy calling” is “being in and through the atonement of the Only Begotten Son.”

    thus this holy calling being prepared from the foundation of the world for such as would not harden their hearts, being in and through the atonement of the Only Begotten Son, who was prepared—

    This new definition brings the meaning of priesthood into sharp focus. It says that the eternal priesthood given to us in various stages is virtually a subset of the Savior’s Atonement. That is easy to understand. The purposes of the Savior’s Atonement and the purposes of priesthood are the same. The object of each is to invite people to “come unto Christ, and be perfected in him, and …. if ye by the grace of God are perfect in Christ, and deny not his power, then are ye sanctified in Christ by the grace of God, through the shedding of the blood of Christ, which is in the covenant of the Father unto the remission of your sins, that ye become holy, without spot (Moroni 10:32-33).”

    Having returned us to the Council in Heaven where he began in verse 1, Alma teaches the responsibility of the holy ORDER of God.

    ————————–
    Verses 6-9 — RELATIONSHIP OF THE TWO PREMORTAL PRIESTHOODS
    ————————–

    6 And thus being called by this holy calling, and ordained unto the high priesthood of the holy ORDER of God, to teach his commandments unto the children of men, that they also might enter into his rest—

    In verses 1-3 we learned that the ORDER of the Son was to teach intelligences how to receive a preparatory redemption. Here we learn that the ORDER of the Father is to “to teach his commandments unto the children of men, that they also might enter into his rest.” So the priesthood they received at the Council extended their responsibility to teach “the children of men” in this world, and with the same purpose: that they also might be redeemed.

    We can understand that continuum between premortal and mortal priesthood more easily if we read it in light of Abraham 3: where we learn that Abraham was one who was chosen at the Council to be one of God’s rulers. Later in this chapter Alma tells us that Melchizedek was another.

    While Alma draws a distinction between the ORDER of the Son and the ORDER of the Father, he also wants to make sure Zeezrom understands that they are both one eternal priesthood. It is useful for us to understand this relationship by remembering that the Aaronic and Melchizedek priesthood are the same, yet different. Or a better example is that the offices of elder and high priest in the Melchizedek priesthood are the same, yet different. So in the next three verses Alma calls attention to that intertwined relationship.

    7 This high priesthood [ORDER of the Father] being after [following] the ORDER of his Son, which ORDER [of the Father] was from the foundation of the world [when the spirit children, who were members of the Council, created the world]; or in other words, [these two priesthoods] being without beginning of days or end of years, being prepared from eternity to all eternity, according to his foreknowledge of all things—

    8 Now they [the ‘children’ whom the Father ordained at the Council] were ordained after this manner—being called with a holy calling, and ordained with a holy ordinance, and taking upon them the high priesthood of the holy ORDER, which calling, and ordinance, and high priesthood, is without beginning or end—

    9 Thus they become high priests forever, after [following] the ORDER of the Son, the Only Begotten of the Father, who is without beginning of days or end of years, who is full of grace, equity, and truth. And thus it is. Amen.

    The “Amen” is significant because it is the transition between our premortal priesthood and its continuation into this world where those high priests are to teach “the children of men.” as he mentioned in verse 6.

    ————————–
    Verses 10-20 — THE MORTAL PRIESTHOOD
    ————————–

    10 Now, as I said concerning the holy ORDER, or this high priesthood, there were many who were ordained and became high priests of God; and it was on account of their exceeding faith and repentance, and their righteousness before God, they choosing to repent and work righteousness rather than to perish;

    11 Therefore they were called after this holy ORDER, and were sanctified, and their garments were washed white through the blood of the Lamb.

    12 Now they, after being sanctified by the Holy Ghost, having their garments made white, being pure and spotless before God, could not look upon sin save it were with abhorrence; and there were many, exceedingly great many, who were made pure and entered into the rest of the Lord their God.

    13 And now, my brethren, I would that ye should humble yourselves before God, and bring forth fruit meet for repentance, that ye may also enter into that rest.

    14 Yea, humble yourselves even as the people in the days of Melchizedek, who was also a high priest after [in the manner of] this same ORDER which I have spoken, who also took upon him the high priesthood forever.

    15 And it was this same Melchizedek to whom Abraham paid tithes; yea, even our father Abraham paid tithes of one-tenth part of all he possessed.

    In the next verses, Alma points out that the priesthood we have in this world is the same priesthood we had before, even though we can no longer function in the fullness of that priesthood. A way to understand this is that we have moved out of the time and place where it was appropriate for us to exercise the fullness of our priesthood. Like a bishop who is released from serving in his ward. He is still a bishop but he cannot function in that office. Or like a patriarch who moves from his stake. He is still a patriarch but is not called to give blessings in his new stake. We come into this world as innocent children who have to be nurtured and taught, step by step, how to function here with that priesthood that is appropriate to this time and place.

    16 Now these ordinances were given after this manner, that thereby the people might look forward on the Son of God, it [the earthly Melchizedek priesthood] being a type of his ORDER, or it being his ORDER, and this that they might look forward to him for a remission of their sins, that they might enter into the rest of the Lord.

    17 Now this Melchizedek was a king over the land of Salem; and his people had waxed strong in iniquity and abomination; yea, they had all gone astray; they were full of all manner of wickedness;

    18 But Melchizedek having exercised mighty faith, and received the office of the high priesthood according to the holy ORDER of God, did preach repentance unto his people. And behold, they did repent; and Melchizedek did establish peace in the land in his days; therefore he was called the prince of peace, for he was the king of Salem; and he did reign under his father.

    19 Now, there were many before him, and also there were many afterwards, but none were greater; therefore, of him they have more particularly made mention.

    20 Now I need not rehearse the matter; what I have said may suffice. Behold, the scriptures are before you; if ye will wrest them it shall be to your own destruction.

    From this analysis of the scriptures we have learned the following: The Covenant is between the Father, his Son, and ourselves. The Savior’s is the validation and the fulfillment of that covenant. His Atonement defines the terms. The object is our redemption — to bring as many as will come back into the presence of God. The hope is a product of our own righteousness. It is the assurance we receive that the covenant is real and its object is attainable. The fulfillment of the covenant comes after we have endured to the end.

    The priesthood is a gift from God that is, for us, the enabling power by which we can bless others and be blessed by them, with the intent that they and we will enjoy the fulness of the blessings of the Gospel from the beginning of our cognizance, to our resurrection, and beyond.

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  • Moroni 10:32-34 — Nephite responsibilities after their temple experience — LeGrand Baker

    32 Yea, come unto Christ, and be perfected in him, and deny yourselves of all ungodliness; and if ye shall deny yourselves of all ungodliness, and love God with all your might, mind and strength, then is his grace sufficient for you, that by his grace ye may be perfect in Christ; and if by the grace of God ye are perfect in Christ, ye can in nowise deny the power of God.
    33 And again, if ye by the grace of God are perfect in Christ, and deny not his power, then are ye sanctified in Christ by the grace of God, through the shedding of the blood of Christ, which is in the covenant of the Father unto the remission of your sins, that ye become holy, without spot.

    34 And now I bid unto all, farewell. I soon go to rest in the paradise of God, until my spirit and body shall again reunite, and I am brought forth triumphant through the air, to meet you before the pleasing bar of the great Jehovah, the Eternal Judge of both quick and dead. Amen (Moroni 10:32-34).

    If, as I have suggested, the previous verses are Moroni’s reflection on the ancient Nephite temple experience, then his next words are about what one did after one left the Nephite temple.

    32 Yea, come unto Christ, and be perfected in him,

    Four times in two verses of his final charge to his readers, Moroni invites us to become “perfect.” Then he enlarges the concept with the phrase “become holy, without spot.” In his progression of thought, to be perfect is to be without spot. To be holy is the product of that perfection. In Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, I wrote a discussion about perfection that is relevant here, even though it was initially an analogy of the three degrees of glory.

    “Perfection” is a statement about a thing’s wholeness, but need not necessarily be a reference to its value. Thus there can be a perfect diamond, a perfect crystal goblet, and a perfect glass window. Each may be “perfect” in its own right even though there is an enormous range in their respective values. This seems to be analogous to the three degrees of glory.

    To say each is perfect only says each has internal integrity with no flaws. The value is found in the object that is perfect, not in the perfection of the object. For intelligences who define their sense of self in terms different from “the pure love of Christ,” there is a state of perfection and glory that is compatible with their self-definition. But for those who love as the Savior loves, the perfection of that compatibility is equivalent to eternal life. For the intelligences who receive celestial resurrected bodies, cosmos is perfect symmetry and harmony—in their physical persons, their personal sense of Self, and also in their celestial social environment. The Lord continued in section 88:
    40 For intelligence cleaveth unto intelligence; wisdom receiveth wisdom; truth embraceth truth; virtue loveth virtue; light cleaveth unto light; mercy hath compassion on mercy and claimeth her own; justice continueth its course and claimeth its own; judgment goeth before the face of him who sitteth upon the throne and governeth and executeth all things.

    41 He comprehendeth all things, and all things are before him, and all things are round about him; and he is above all things, and in all things, and is through all things, and is round about all things; and all things are by him, and of him, even God, forever and ever (D&C 88:40-41).

    Since the success of the entire plan of salvation has always rested upon the Savior’s providing an opportunity for people to come to this earth where they can define themselves in an environment away from the overriding influence of the presence of our Father in Heaven, a path had to be provided so that people could leave his presence and then return again.
    … To enable the intelligences to achieve a final perfection of self-identification and cosmos, they had to leave the presence of God. …

    It is in the tensions and contrasts of this world that we are enabled to define what and who we really are. We do that by identifying and seeking to replicate—and ultimately to perpetuate—the experiences and relationships in which we find fulfillment and happiness. We are here to discover for our Selves whether that fulfillment is consistent with telestial, terrestrial, or celestial glory. For us to be able to do that, this world’s environment must be full of difficult choices with inexplicable tensions and contradictions. Yet those very contradictions are necessary to the success of the plan…. (Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, 595-97).

    To achieve that perfection, Moroni first charges his readers to …

    deny yourselves of all ungodliness; and if ye shall deny yourselves of all ungodliness,

    I discussed the likely meaning of “ungodliness” in an earlier post and concluded that its etymology was probably “un-elohim-li-ness.” Elohim is a plural Hebrew word meaning “the gods in the ordinary sense,” that is, the members of the Council in Heaven [see Abraham 3:22 through 4:1]. The second meaning of Elohim is a name-title of the Father of the gods. Now the question is, which meaning does Moroni have in mind. It is apparent to me that since the object of these verses is to lead us through a state of increased perfection toward becoming “holy,” that this charge to “deny yourselves of all ungodliness” is far too early in the sequence for the elohim in “un-elohim-li-ness” to refer to Heavenly Father. We are not yet hardly anything like him. That leaves me to conclude that Moroni’s charge is to “deny yourselves of all un-Council-in-Heaven-ly-ness.” In that earlier post I wrote,

    That is, eliminate all the differences between what you are now and what you were at the Council in Heaven. That is, be true to the eternal law of your own being. I believe that sin is a violation of the eternal law of one’s Self. If that is so, then the criterion by which we should judge our own perfection has to be that we come to know our Selves by identifying and discarding all the alien attitudes we accumulate in our this-worldliness, until we become our true Selves again, “holy, without spot.” [If you choose to read the full discussion from the post called, “‘Hope,’ the Affirmation of One’s Eternal Reality,” I have quoted it here in a footnote.]

    Moroni’s charge is that if we can become, in this world’s environment, the same person we were before you came here, we must confirm that by becoming a person of charity.

    and if ye shall deny yourselves of all ungodliness, and love God with all your might, mind and strength, then is his grace sufficient for you, that by his grace ye may be perfect in Christ;

    Moroni says, if you love Heavenly Father “with all your might, mind and strength, then is his [Heavenly Father’s] grace sufficient for you, that by his grace ye may be perfect in Christ.”

    Our Catholic and Protestant friends have taught us that it is by the grace of Christ that we are saved. That is true enough, but that teaching overlooks the role of the all-important grace of the Father which enabled the Savior to perform the Atonement. Moroni continues:

    and if by the grace of God ye are perfect in Christ, ye can in nowise deny the power of God.
    33 And again, if ye by the grace of God are perfect in Christ, and deny not his power, then are ye sanctified in Christ by the grace of God, through the shedding of the blood of Christ, which is in the covenant of the Father unto the remission of your sins, that ye become holy, without spot.

    Our sanctification comes “through the shedding of the blood of Christ, which is in the covenant of the Father.” It is the Father’s covenant.

    On his part, the principles and ordinances of the gospel are the terms of covenant that Heavenly Father made with us. The Savior’s Atonement is the validation and fulfillment of that covenant.

    On our part, the terms are that we conform to the laws, covenants and ordinances “unto the remission of your sins,” that enable us to fully accept the blessings of the Atonement. Ultimately, the ordinances (“works”) are the validation. Our fulfillment of the covenant is being true to the eternal law of our own being, loving God and his children with a perfect love, “that ye become holy, without spot.”

    As though his intent was to give evidence that the course Moroni has recommended is well within the realm of our possibility, he concluded with this invitation, which is also an expression of his own perfect hope, as well as of his final testimony:

    34 And now I bid unto all, farewell. I soon go to rest in the paradise of God, until my spirit and body shall again reunite, and I am brought forth triumphant through the air, to meet you before the pleasing bar of the great Jehovah, the Eternal Judge of both quick and dead. Amen.

    Moroni’s promise is that if we love God and are faithful to our eternal covenants we will rejoice together with him “before the pleasing bar of the great Jehovah.”

    ————————-

    FOOTNOTE
    The following is a quote from the post: Moroni 7:40-44 & 2 Peter 1:1-10 – ‘Hope,’ the Affirmation of One’s Eternal Reality – LeGrand Baker

    As Moroni wrote his last entries in the Book of Mormon, he again walks us along that same path, but with different words. After giving us a brief review of the Nephite temple drama, he concludes,

    32 Yea, come unto Christ, and be perfected in him, and deny yourselves of all ungodliness; and if ye shall deny yourselves of all ungodliness, and love God with all your might, mind and strength, then is his grace sufficient for you, that by his grace ye may be perfect in Christ; and if by the grace of God ye are perfect in Christ, ye can in nowise deny the power of God.
    33 And again, if ye by the grace of God are perfect in Christ, and deny not his power, then are ye sanctified in Christ by the grace of God, through the shedding of the blood of Christ, which is in the covenant of the Father unto the remission of your sins, that ye become holy, without spot (Moroni 10:32-33).

    Moroni’s phrase “deny yourselves of all ungodliness” is the juncture between the Nephite temple drama (pistis) and charity. It may hold the key to the ultimate meaning of what the Book of Mormon prophets meant by “hope.”

    At first reading “ungodliness” might simply mean things that are bad. But there is another possibility that I believe is worth exploring. That is to try to discover the etymology of the word. However, since we do not have the text in the Nephite language, the best we can do is treat it as though it were written in Hebrew. In all of our scriptures, including the Book of Mormon, the word “God” almost always refers to our Father in Heaven. In the Old Testament, “God” is almost always translated from the Hebrew word “Elohim.”
    “Elohim” is a masculine plural noun that has two separate meanings. One is “the gods in the ordinary sense,” that is, the members of the Council in Heaven. The second meaning is a name-title of the Father of the Gods, “Elohim.” (Strong # 430)

    A splendid example of the use of this double meaning is the first verse of Psalm 82, which describes an event that took place in the Council in Heaven where the members of the Council made a covenant that is strikingly like the law of consecration. The first verse reads:

    God [the Hebrew word is elohim] standeth in the congregation of the mighty; he judgeth among the gods [again, the Hebrew word is also elohim].

    Another example is the creation story. The Book of Abraham begins that story by saying:

    1 And then the Lord said: Let us go down. And they went down at the beginning, and they, that is the Gods, organized and formed the heavens and the earth (Abraham 4:1).

    That is consistent with what we are told in Genesis:

    1 In the beginning God [elohim] created the heaven and the earth (Genesis 1:1).

    A few verses later it says:

    26 And God [elohim] said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea…. (Genesis 1:26. Emphasis added).

    Now, to try to discover the etymology of “ungodliness.” If it says un-elohim-li-ness, then the next question is, which definition of elohim does it mean. After using the word, Moroni walks us through a series of steps whose object is to make us “holy, without spot.” So I think the name-title of Heavenly Father would not work there because, even though our becoming like him is our ultimate object, that meaning is far too early in Moroni’s sequence to make sense there.

    That leaves his intent of “deny yourselves of all ungodliness” to mean “deny yourselves of all un-Council-in-Heaven-ly-ness.” That is, eliminate all the differences between what you are now and what you were at the Council in Heaven. That is, be true to the eternal law of your own being. {12} I believe that sin is a violation of the eternal law of one’s Self. If that is so, then the criterion by which we should judge our own perfection has to be that we come to know our Selves by identifying and discarding all the alien attitudes we accumulate in our this-worldliness, until we become our true Selves again, “holy, without spot.”

    I believe that an important function of the Holy Ghost is to help us do that.

    Because we forgot who and what we were, we are now left to be our own judges to see if we will remain true to the covenants we made there. We came to this world because we proved we would obey. However, one can obey for both the wrong and the right reasons.

    If we obeyed there because we knew its advantages — we knew which side our bread was buttered on — unless we repent while we are here in this world, we will keep that attitude and seek to use other people to our own advantage. If, on the other hand, we obeyed then because we loved Heavenly Father and his children, that will remain true here also. So the question now is: Can we, in this environment, be as faithful as we were in our premortal environment.

    If the answer is “yes,” then the final key is, as Moroni teaches us, that we must love God to receive the remission of our sins, so that we may become holy, without spot.

    Their doctrines are all the same. In the Savior’s Beatitudes, he begins by teaching about the covenants and concludes with a charge that we teach and bless other people. In Peter’s sequence he begins with faith/pistis and ends with charity. In Mormon’s sermon, he begins with faith/pistis and also concludes with charity.

    Between pistis and charity, each directs us through the path we must take so that we may become “holy, without spot.” The Savior’s Beatitudes focuses on what we must DO; Peter’s on what we must BE. Moroni gives us the criterion by which we can seek perfection.

    I believe we now have enough information to discover an adequate definition of “hope.” It is the culmination of the things we must DO as taught in the Beatitudes. It is the things we must BE as taught by Peter. It is rediscovering our eternal Selves and being true to that eternal law of our own being as is taught by Moroni.

    Ultimately, that is what this life is all about. In an ancient text, these words are attributed to the Saviour.

    When you come to know yourselves, then you will become known, and you will realize that it is you who are the sons of the living Father. But if you will not know yourselves, you dwell in poverty, and it is you who are that poverty. {13}

    A far more modern rendition of that same idea is this description of a characteristic one who inherits the Celestial Kingdom:

    92 And thus we saw the glory of the celestial, which excels in all things—where God, even the Father, reigns upon his throne forever and ever;
    93 Before whose throne all things bow in humble reverence, and give him glory forever and ever.
    94 They who dwell in his presence are the church of the Firstborn; and they see as they are seen, and know as they are known, having received of his fulness and of his grace;
    95 And he makes them equal in power, and in might, and in dominion.
    96 And the glory of the celestial is one, even as the glory of the sun is one (D&C 76:92-96).

    Hope is the affirmation of one’s own eternal reality, but, as Mormon will now explain to us, only charity can bring us to discover who we really are.

    ————————-
    {12} For the origin of the phrase “Be true to the law of your own being” see the story of the blessing President David O. McKay gave to Jean Wunderlich in Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord, pages 537-39; and in the paperback edition, 387-88.

    {13} Gospel of Thomas in James M. Robinson, ed., The Nag Hammadi Library in English (San Francisco, Harper & Row, 1988),126 #3.

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  • Moroni 10:28-31 – The Ancient Israelite/Nephite Temple Code – LeGrand Baker

    It is appropriate, now that we have come to the end of the Book of Mormon, to pause and review the pattern it presents for us. When things are too sacred to discuss openly, they must be discussed in code or not at all. The scriptural discussion of the ancient Israelite/Nephite temple drama was like that, and the ancient scriptures are full of it. Even now, it is not appropriate to discuss it except by using their code. Interestingly, the code is the Israelite drama itself. That is, if one knows the ancient drama, one knows the code. If one does not know the Israelite/Nephite drama, the encoded story is not there. It is not appropriate to discuss the ancient drama here, but it is not inappropriate to examine the scriptures that employ the code to discuss it. We did that is Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord. The first half of the book shows that the Psalms were the liturgy of the Israelite Feast of Tabernacles temple drama, and the second half shows that virtually every sermon in the Book of Mormon was based on the Nephite temple experience. Here are two examples. The first is one we wrote in Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord. It is a chapter called “Mormon’s Outline of the Book of Mormon” It is simply a quick outline of the entire Book of Mormon.

    The surface text of the Book of Mormon uses the Nephite history as a vehicle to carry their prophets’ testimonies of the Savior and the message of his gospel. The subtext teaches the same testimony and principles, but from the point of view of the of the Israelite/Nephite Feast of Tabernacles temple drama. It focuses on the sequence, covenants, and ordinances of the Nephite drama, throwing a magnificent light on their meaning in the context of priesthood, and of the covenant relationships between Jehovah and each participant in the congregation.

    After reading the following outline, it will be apparent how Moroni’s conclusions fit into the overall plan of the Book of Mormon, and that Moroni finished his father’s work just as it should have been finished. If you are inclined, I suggest you read the outline rather carefully.
    ———————-

    Mormon’s Outline of the Book of Mormon

    The prophet Mormon followed the same principle. An examination of the subtextual outline of the entire Book of Mormon shows a carefully structured pattern. If one does a hopscotch across the pages of the book and only lands on the major sermons and on an occasional outstanding ecclesiastical event, the following is what one finds:

    1) As one would expect, the Book of Mormon begins with the decisions made in the Council in Heaven. During a sode experience Lehi attends a meeting of the Council where Elohim sits on his throne and presiding. Jehovah, who conducts the affairs of the Council, gives Lehi an earthly assignment.
    2) Lehi and his family make the necessary preparations to fulfill their assignment. (Much of First Nephi is about their receiving the things requisite for the success of the mission. They included, among others, Nephi’s new dynastic authority, the brass plates, Ishmael and his family, Lehi’s tree of life vision, Nephi’s vision of the tree of life and of his posterity so he could understand the importance and intent of his mission.)
    3) They cross the chaotic waters (the ancient symbol of creation as well as of birth) and they go to a new world.
    4) When they get there, Lehi teaches his sons about Adam and Eve and the Fall.
    5) Nephi’s psalm asks why we have come here when it is so very difficult.
    6) Jacob seems to answer that question by teaching about the Atonement.
    7) Nephi quotes much of the first part of Isaiah whose underlying message is that God is the God of this world and Satan is not.
    8) Nephi concludes Second Nephi by teaching about faith, repentance, baptism, and the gift of the Holy Ghost.
    9) Jacob teaches about the importance of keeping covenants
    10) Enos teaches that one must pray.
    11) King Benjamin teaches his people about the importance of obedience. They make a covenant that they will obey, and they receive a new name.
    12) Abinadi teaches Alma the gospel. He does this by explaining the Savior’s sacrifice; then we see Abinadi’s sacrifice also.
    13) At the Waters of Mormon the people are baptized. But Alma’s prayer does not mention the remission of sins. This baptism seems to be the token of a covenant that the people will support each other, the church, and the kingdom.
    14) When Alma and his followers are in the wilderness, they briefly live the law of consecration.
    15) They get to Zarahemla, and in Alma 5 and 7 the prophet sums up many of the principles of the drama and admonishes the people to keep their covenants.
    16) In Alma chapters 12 and 13, he teaches Zeezrom about the eternal legitimacy ofpriesthood and kingship.
    17) Alma 26 and 29 are psalms about responsibilities of missionary work.
    18) Alma 32 teaches how to partake of the fruit of the tree of life, and eventually how to become as a tree of life. (The tree of life was always an important part of the ancient drama. If Alma 32 were not there the whole structure of the pattern would collapse.)
    19) When Alma talks to his three sons,
    19a) he teaches his oldest son he must keep sacred things sacred.
    19b) he teaches the second that he must be true to the law of his own being.
    19c) he tells the third about justice and mercy and the importance of the law of chastity.
    20) There are many wars in Book of Mormon history as the people struggle to overcome the aloneness of this dark and dreary world. But Mormon chooses to give the most detail about one, which he identifies as a sacred war between good and evil. He introduces it with a whole series of covenants and covenant names (There are always new names associated with new covenants).
    20a) Captain Moroni tears off a piece of his coat (after that it is called “garment” so it is the outer of the two—there are always two).
    20b) He writes a chiastic poem on it. The poem is a covenant, and he gives it the title of “Liberty.”
    20c) At this point Mormon interrupts his narrative to insert the information that those who believe in Christ “took upon them, gladly, the name of Christ,” and are called Christians.
    20d) Captain Moroni then identifies the land in terms of its geographical boundaries (measuring it and defining it as sacred space) and gives it the same name as the poem—“the land of liberty.”
    20e) The people come and join in the covenant that they will keep the Lord’scommandments and he will preserve them in their Liberty.
    20f) Shortly thereafter we are told that the sons of Helaman “entered into a covenant,” and “they called themselves Nephites” (Alma 53:16-17).
    20g) It is in the context of these covenants that Helaman tells the story of their part of the war. The point being that all the boys who made and kept their covenants were protected—some were badly hurt, but they all survived.
    21) After the war, Nephi, Lehi are baptized with fire and the Holy Ghost.
    22) Nephi is given the sealing power—“even that all things shall be done unto theeaccording to thy word “ (Helaman 10:5).
    23) Samuel the Lamanite tells the people that the Savior is coming, and urges them to getready to see him.
    24) In three days of darkness, the world is cleansed of its unrighteousness (this maps to Jehovah’s restoring Israel and the king after he has been in the Underworld for three days).
    25) The Savior comes to his temple just as the king does in the drama.
    26) The Savior organizes his church and kingdom, and teaches the people how to keep their covenants (these map to the seventh day of the drama).
    27) Then in Fourth Nephi the people do keep their covenants and live the law of consecration (this maps to the eighth day of the drama). In the symbolism, they had returned to the Garden to enjoy the blessings of the eating freely of the fruit of the tree of life (3 Nephi 20:5-9), and the promised millennial reign.
    28) The book of Ether is the counterbalance of that story. It shows the destructive consequences when people do not keep their covenants with God.
    29) The Book of Mormon’s crescendo is repeated three times near the end of the book. There the reader is taught one must have faith, hope, and charity in order to enter the presence of God (Ether 12:28,39; Moroni 7; and Moroni 10:20-21).
    30) Then Moroni reviews the entire drama and in the last verse he says, “I soon go to rest in the paradise of God, … before the pleasing bar of the great Jehovah.”
    ——————————

    The second example was written by Moroni as his parting words to us.

    28 I declare these things unto the fulfilling of the prophecies. And behold, they shall proceed forth out of the mouth of the everlasting God; and his word shall hiss forth from generation to generation.
    29 And God shall show unto you, that that which I have written is true.
    30 And again I would exhort you that ye would come unto Christ, and lay hold upon every good gift, and touch not the evil gift, nor the unclean thing.
    31 And awake, and arise from the dust, O Jerusalem; yea, and put on thy beautiful garments, O daughter of Zion; and strengthen thy stakes and enlarge thy borders forever, that thou mayest no more be confounded, that the covenants of the Eternal Father which he hath made unto thee, O house of Israel, may be fulfilled (Moroni 10:28-31).

    In his final testimony, Moroni reflects, “I declare these things unto the fulfilling of the prophecies.” The verbs in that sentence are all in present tense. It does not say that the prophecies will be fulfilled, but that his declaration is the fulfilling of them.

    To understand that requires a definition of “prophecy.” We usually think of it as a prediction about the future, and sometimes it is, but not always.

    Prophets speak by the power of the Holy Ghost, and their words are “prophecy.” (Revelation 19:10, Alma 6:8) Their prophecy is their testimony of the Savior and of his gospel, whether it is in the context of the past, the present, or the future. Now, if one removes from Moroni’s use of the word the idea of a projection into the future, then Moroni’s “prophecies” takes on quite a different meaning. He writes “these things unto the fulfilling of the prophecies,” meaning that the prophecy is fulfilled as he writes it. It is also fulfilled as we read it. We will discover that it is a testimony of the Savior and his relationship with the ancient Nephites as was taught to them through their temple drama.

    It is very obvious that Moroni had no intention of describing the Nephite drama to inappropriate readers, but it is equally apparent that his intention was to demonstrate to his “beloved brethren” that he knew the ancient drama and that his knowing it gave priesthood legitimacy to what he and his father had written. He presents it in a sequence that is different from that shown elsewhere, but that is part of the encoding. The elements are there. Squaring these elements of the Nephite drama with the correct sequence is the reader’s responsibility.

    28 I declare these things unto the fulfilling of the prophecies. And behold, they shall proceed forth out of the mouth of the everlasting God; [God is speaking, so we are listening.] and his word shall hiss forth [“Whisper” is my old dictionary’s synonym for “hiss.” The connotation is that God speaks in a whisper, as a secret or a mystery.] from generation to generation. [God is unchanging so the message will always be unchanging from generation to generation.]

    29 And God shall show unto you [Now God is showing, so we are watching.], that that which I have written is true.

    30 And again I would exhort you that ye would come unto Christ [In the Feast of Tabernacles temple drama, that happened after the coronation ceremony when the king approached the great veil of Solomon’s temple. His standing before the veil is described in Psalm 21.], and lay hold upon every good gift [One lays hold of something with one’s hand.], and touch not the evil gift, nor the unclean thing. [Moroni saw his whole world destroyed by secret combinations. He knows that there will always be such counterfeit oaths and signs, and warns that we must not participate in them.]

    31 And awake, and arise from the dust, O Jerusalem;

    This is a paraphrases of Isaiah, who wrote,

    19 Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead (Isaiah 26:19).

    In that passage “awake” means to become mentally alert and alive, and “rise” means to become physically alive. Paul understood the phrase the same way.

    14 Wherefore he saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light (Ephesians 5:14).

    When Lehi used the phrase “awake and arise,” he, like Paul, was making it a command. This he addressed to his sons:

    13 O that ye would awake; awake from a deep sleep, yea, even from the sleep of hell, and shake off the awful chains by which ye are bound, which are the chains which bind the children of men, that they are carried away captive down to the eternal gulf of misery and woe.
    14 Awake! and arise from the dust, and hear the words of a trembling parent, whose limbs ye must soon lay down in the cold and silent grave, from whence no traveler can return; a few more days and I go the way of all the earth (2 Nephi 1:13-14).

    The last part of verse 31 refers to a marriage that remains “forever,” and is the ultimate fulfillment of “covenants of the Eternal Father.”

    31 … yea, and put on thy beautiful garments, O daughter of Zion; and strengthen thy stakes and enlarge thy borders forever, that thou mayest no more be confounded, that the covenants of the Eternal Father which he hath made unto thee, O house of Israel, may be fulfilled (Moroni 10:28-31).

    The marriage ceremony Moroni alludes to here is also a paraphrase of Isaiah, so its imagery comes from his culture rather than from Moroni’s. In the Near Eastern desert, when a man married he gave his wife a tent, just large enough for the two of them. It was then hers, and she was responsible for it. As the children came, she, with the help of the other women, took camel’s hair and beat it into a heavy felt. With this, she made another flap for the tent. As the family grew the tent grew also, so the tent was always large enough for the family. She also added more stakes and rope to secure it so the wind would not blow it away. Isaiah wrote,

    1 Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear; break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail with child: for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the Lord.
    2 Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine habitations: spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes.
    3 For thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and make the desolate cities to be inhabited (Isaiah 54:1-3).

    Like Isaiah, Moroni was talking about more than just a single family unit. He wrote,

    31 … strengthen thy stakes and enlarge thy borders forever, that thou mayest no more be confounded, that the covenants of the Eternal Father which he hath made unto thee, O house of Israel, may be fulfilled.

    “Confounded” is chaos. It is the jigsaw puzzle in a box with no parts connected. “Cosmos” is order where everything is properly connected. Moroni’s promise is that all families will be connected “forever,” “that the covenants of the Eternal Father which he hath made unto thee, O house of Israel, may be fulfilled.”

    If, as I have suggested, Moroni’s words are about the ancient Nephite temple experience, then the next verses are about what one must do after one left the ancient temple. I will examine those next week.

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  • Moroni 10:18-27 — the warnings before the promises — LeGrand Baker

    This is a continuation of our discussion of Moroni’s exhortations in the last chapter of the Book of Mormon.

    18 And I would exhort you, my beloved brethren, that ye remember that every good gift cometh of Christ.

    There is a melancholy ring to these verses as Moroni addresses his “beloved brethren.” When we were reading Moroni 7 I pointed out that throughout the Book of Mormon, “beloved brethren” is always referring to faithful priesthood holders.{1}

    By the time of this writing, Moroni has already told us that he is alone, so the only “beloved brethren” he could be writing to is us, who live about 1,600 years after he died. He was not writing to his contemporary Nephites who were in the throws of rebellion and apostasy. Rather he is warning us that we must not follow the path they followed. I wonder if he knew how complex our society would be with our bird-like transportation and instantaneous communication, and our sophisticated scientific assertions that all things were a product of chance and the only standards of excellence are what the individual thinks is in his own best interest—or the “best interest” his superiors can impose upon him.

    Ouch! Just that thumbnail description of our time makes it sound really scary. Almost everything about our world challenges the assumptions of reality that were part of Moroni’s world. It is so very appropriate that he writes to us:

    18 And I would exhort you, my beloved brethren, that ye remember that every good gift cometh of Christ.
    19 And I would exhort you, my beloved brethren, that ye remember that he is the same yesterday, today, and forever, and that all these gifts of which I have spoken, which are spiritual, never will be done away, even as long as the world shall stand, only according to the unbelief of the children of men.

    That is the point: even in the tumultuous complexity of our world there is a constant that we can rely on to know the truth. Those spiritual gifts — all administered by the power of the Holy Ghost — are the criterion by which one can judge the reality of God and the legitimacy of his religion.

    20 Wherefore, there must be faith; and if there must be faith there must also be hope; and if there must be hope there must also be charity.

    But being privy to that reality has a price: Wherefore, there must be faith — The covenants must be in place. If there must be faith there must also be hope — If the covenants, then there must also be the inner assurance that the covenants will be fulfilled; otherwise we can live as though they were already fulfilled. If there must be hope there must also be charity — Charity is the product of our knowing and trusting the Savior’s love for us. If we know his love, then we will love him in return. If we love him then we must love those whom he loves. Otherwise we are not fulfilling our part of the covenants and our hope might be only a self-righteous delusion. When we become convinced that God hates everyone that we hate, then that is sufficient evidence that we are, at best, worshiping a false notion of the real God; or, at worst, worshiping an evil god.

    21 And except ye have charity ye can in nowise be saved in the kingdom of God; neither can ye be saved in the kingdom of God if ye have not faith; neither can ye if ye have no hope.

    Mormon taught his friends,

    1 And what is it that ye shall hope for? Behold I say unto you that ye shall have hope through the atonement of Christ and the power of his resurrection, to be raised unto life eternal, and this because of your faith in him according to the promise (Moroni 7:41).

    Having that kind of hope presupposes that one is living in fulfillment of his covenants, and therefore, living as though that promises are a reality. Therefore, Moroni can warn,

    22 And if ye have no hope ye must needs be in despair; and despair cometh because of iniquity. {2}

    Then, to counterbalance that despair, Moroni offers the ultimate hope.

    23 And Christ truly said unto our fathers: If ye have faith ye can do all things which are expedient unto me.

    As I understand it, the gifts of the spirit are administered according to our needs or the needs of those whom we bless. Therefore it is true that If ye have faith [that is, if the covenants are in place and you act accordingly] ye can do all things which are expedient unto me. Inasmuch as we follow the directions of the Spirit, we can do anything we are directed to do. That promise is repeated many times in the scriptures.

    24 And now I speak unto all the ends of the earth—that if the day cometh that the power and gifts of God shall be done away among you, it shall be because of unbelief.

    Belief was not mentioned in Mormon’s triumvirate of faith, hope, and charity; but it an important part of it.

    There is a difference between faith/pistis, and belief. Belief is closer to our contemporary meanings of faith and trust. Trust is holding the hand of a friend while walking blindfolded into an unknown place. If faith/pistis is the covenant, and hope is living as thought the covenant were already fulfilled. Belief is walking in the direction of that fulfillment. It is acting on one’s determination to overcome the obstacles that make absolute hope seem impossible. It is trusting that it is wise to live in anticipation of the fulfillment of the covenants. If that belief is done away, then neither faith nor hope is valid, and the appearance of charity may be only a hook to ensnare others with their own good intentions and gullibility.

    25 And wo be unto the children of men if this be the case; for there shall be none that doeth good among you, no not one. For if there be one among you that doeth good, he shall work by the power and gifts of God.

    When Moroni writes “for there shall be none that doeth good,” he does not mean there will be no nice people, he means that only charlatans will presume to perform the ordinances necessary to salvation. Moroni’s definition of “none that doeth good” is the same as the Savior’s when he spoke to the Prophet Joseph.

    19 I was answered that I must join none of them, for they were all wrong; and the Personage who addressed me said that all their creeds were an abomination in his sight; that those professors were all corrupt; that: “they draw near to me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me, they teach for doctrines the commandments of men, having a form of godliness, but they deny the power thereof.” (Joseph Smith-History:1-27)

    The problem in Joseph’s time was not that the people were unworthy. Rather, it was:

    12 For there are many yet on the earth among all sects, parties, and denominations, who are blinded by the subtle craftiness of men, whereby they lie in wait to deceive, and who are only kept from the truth because they know not where to find it— (D&C 123:12)

    Many generations before the Prophet’s time false teachers and leaders changed the gospel and its ordinances to satisfy their own needs. That practice did not stop then, but continues until our time. Moroni had something to say about them as well.

    26 And wo unto them who shall do these things away and die, for they die in their sins, and they cannot be saved in the kingdom of God; and I speak it according to the words of Christ; and I lie not.
    27 And I exhort you to remember these things; for the time speedily cometh that ye shall know that I lie not, for ye shall see me at the bar of God; and the Lord God will say unto you: Did I not declare my words unto you, which were written by this man, like as one crying from the dead, yea, even as one speaking out of the dust?

    That warning is severe, and his message is unbending. But so is his other message. Contrast that warning with his final promise:

    34 And now I bid unto all, farewell. I soon go to rest in the paradise of God, until my spirit and body shall again reunite, and I am brought forth triumphant through the air, to meet you before the pleasing bar of the great Jehovah, the Eternal Judge of both quick and dead. Amen (Moroni 10:34).

    There is one gift left that Moroni has not yet discussed. The Lord taught the Prophet Joseph,

    7 And, if you keep my commandments and endure to the end you shall have eternal life, which gift is the greatest of all the gifts of God (D&C 14:7).

    After giving us the appropriate warnings, Moroni will now teach us the way to receive that ultimate gift. He will do that by reviewing the ancient Nephite temple drama, then explaining what the Nephites had to do, after they left the temple to become holy, without spot. We will discuss that next time.
    ————————-
    FOOTNOTES

    {1} Well, almost always. There is one exception where Alma was scolding the men of the city of Ammonihah:
    30 And now, my beloved brethren, for ye are my brethren, and ye ought to be beloved, and ye ought to bring forth works which are meet for repentance, seeing that your hearts have been grossly hardened against the word of God, and seeing that ye are a lost and a fallen people (Alma 9:30).

    {2}The Prophet Joseph taught that very clearly:
    5 (May 17th, 1843.) The more sure word of prophecy means a man’s knowing that he is sealed up unto eternal life, by revelation and the spirit of prophecy, through the power of the Holy Priesthood.
    6 It is impossible for a man to be saved in ignorance (D&C 131:5-8).

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  • Moroni 10:8-18 — (part 2) — gifts of the Spirit — prophecy, angels, tongues, interpretation of tongues — LeGrand Baker

    This is a continuation of Moroni 10:8-18

    Like much of the scriptures, Moroni’s list of gifts may be understood in our every-day language like we might discuss it in Sunday School, or it might be read as having to do only with priesthood authority and responsibility. That is the way I wish to discuss it here.

    In the scriptures there are three comparable lists of the spiritual gifts. But since each one lists the gifts in the same order, and that order is a progression upward, we are left to conclude that they are not lists at all but sequences. If sequences, then the order in which they appear teaches us almost as much about the gifts as naming them does.

    These sequences are in Moroni 10:8-18, 1 Corinthians 12:1-11, Doctrine and Covenants 46:8-33.

    PROPHECY

    13 And again, to another, that he may prophesy concerning all things (Moroni 10:13);

    10 To another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues (1 Corinthians 12:10):

    22 And to others it is given to prophesy (D&C 46:22);

    Prophecy is usually thought of as a prediction about the future. However, in the scriptures and in our present time, a prophecy is the word of God spoken by the power of the Holy Ghost, and at times is about future events or circumstances. While all of the gifts can be counterfeited by clever words, a slight of hand, or well-placed money, prophecy is probably falsified more frequently than all the rest. False prophets were the bane of ancient Israel. When Jeremiah called the people to task for accepting them, he also gave us the transcendent definition of a true prophet.

    16 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Hearken not unto the words of the prophets that prophesy unto you: they make you vain: they speak a vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of the LORD.
    17 They say still unto them that despise me, The LORD hath said, Ye shall have peace; and they say unto every one that walketh after the imagination of his own heart, No evil shall come upon you.
    18 For who hath stood in the counsel of the LORD [the word “counsel” is sode, a reference to the decisions of the Council in Heaven {1}], and hath perceived and heard his word? who hath marked his word, and heard it?
    19 Behold, a whirlwind of the LORD is gone forth in fury, even a grievous whirlwind: it shall fall grievously upon the head of the wicked.
    20 The anger of the LORD shall not return, until he have executed, and till he have performed the thoughts of his heart: in the latter days ye shall consider it perfectly.
    21 I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran: I have not spoken to them, yet they prophesied.
    22 But if they had stood in my counsel [sode], and had caused my people to hear my words, then they should have turned them from their evil way, and from the evil of their doings (Jeremiah 23:16-26).

    If a false prophet is one who has not had a sode experience, then a true prophet is one who has, like Jeremiah, Lehi, Alma, and the Prophet Joseph Smith.{2}

    However, that is not the only definition of a true prophet. John the Beloved quoted an angel as teaching him that “the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy (Revelation 19:10). Alma demonstrated that principle:

    8 And Alma went and began to declare the word of God unto the church which was established in the valley of Gideon, according to the revelation of the truth of the word which had been spoken by his fathers, and according to the spirit of prophecy which was in him, according to the testimony of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who should come to redeem his people from their sins, and the holy order by which he was called. And thus it is written. Amen (Alma 6:8).

    While it is true that no prophecy is binding upon the church except those spoken by the Lord’s anointed, it is equally true that all persons who have the gift of the Holy Ghost and who know that Jesus is the Christ have the right to prophecy for themselves, their families, and others who are under their charge. The Lord’s instructions are very clear:

    43 And I now give unto you a commandment to beware concerning yourselves, to give diligent heed to the words of eternal life.
    44 For you shall live by every word that proceedeth forth from the mouth of God.
    45 For the word of the Lord is truth, and whatsoever is truth is light, and whatsoever is light is Spirit, even the Spirit of Jesus Christ (D&C 84:43-45)

    BEHOLDING OF ANGELS, DISCERNING OF SPIRITS

    14 And again, to another, the beholding of angels and ministering spirits (Moroni 10:14);

    10 To another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues (1 Corinthians 12:10):

    23 And to others the discerning of spirits (D&C 46:23).

    I am convinced that before we came here we had many dear friends who were assigned to come to mortality at different times and in different places. Some of those friends are still in the premortal spirit world, and others are in the postmortal spirit world. They are still friends — time and space do not change such friendships. The fact that we have temporarily forgotten them while we are in mortality is not evidence that they have forgotten us. In the end, all of the righteous family of Adam will be sealed together. That means that we will ultimately be sealed to those friends by the same priesthood authority that seals us to our immediate family.

    We are very fortunate that some of those friends are assigned to come to mortality in the same time and place where we were also assigned. When we meet those people and “renew” our friendships they become the stability to our lives. Without such friends our experiences here would be very dreary indeed.

    With that view of the eternal relationships of family and friends it is only reasonable to believe that people who love us and are concerned about our welfare will look after us while we are alone in this world. It is equally reasonable to believe that we looked after some of our friends who came to this world before us, and will look after others when we are in the postmortal spirit world.

    Our experiences teach us that usually these eternal friends work without our explicit knowledge and without our seeing them. If we understood too much about their doings, that information would probably impinge upon our decisions, attitudes, and actions. That would encroach upon our free agency. However, in those instances where one does see an angel, the Prophet Joseph has given us clear instruction about how to judge if they are from heaven or if they are not friends, but appear in counterfeit light (D&C 129:1-9).

    Mormon explained why some people see angels but the great majority of us do not. He said,

    30 For behold, they [the angels] are subject unto him [the Savior], to minister according to the word of his command, showing themselves unto them of strong faith and a firm mind in every form of godliness.
    31 And the office of their ministry is to call men unto repentance, and to fulfil and to do the work of the covenants of the Father, which he hath made unto the children of men, to prepare the way among the children of men, by declaring the word of Christ unto the chosen vessels of the Lord, that they may bear testimony of him.
    32 And by so doing, the Lord God prepareth the way that the residue of men may have faith in Christ, that the Holy Ghost may have place in their hearts, according to the power thereof; and after this manner bringeth to pass the Father, the covenants which he hath made unto the children of men (Moroni 7:30-35).

    When Hyrum M. Smith III was a young missionary, his father President Joseph F. Smith sent him letters in which he answered many of his son’s questions. These letters were later compiled and published. Relative to guardian angels President Smith wrote:

    In reply to your question: “Do we all have guardian angels, and is the Key to Theology authentic on this subject, pages 117 to 119?”
    To both of these propositions, I can answer yes, so far as I have been taught and am able to learn. Jesus said (Matt. 18:10): “Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you that in Heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in Heaven.” This is no exception to the rule. The rule applies to all of God’s children or little ones. But, the guardian angels of the pure, the innocent “which believe in me,” as Jesus said, verse 6, are they which “do always behold the face of my Father.” {3}

    Parley P. Pratt’s Key to Theology is one of the great classics of early LDS literature. Its language is beautifully Victorian, but the ideas are as valid now as they were when he wrote them.

    For God speaketh once, yea twice, yet man perceiveth it not. In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth upon men, in slumberings upon the bed; then he openeth the ears of men, and sealeth their instruction.” (Job 33:14-16.)

    In all ages and dispensations God has revealed many important instructions and warnings to men by means of dreams.

    When the outward organs of thought and perception are released from their activity, the nerves unstrung, and the whole of mortal humanity lies hushed in quiet slumbers, in order to renew its strength and vigor, it is then that the spiritual organs are at liberty, in a certain degree, to assume their wonted functions, to recall some faint outlines, some confused and half-defined recollections, of that heavenly world, and those endearing scenes of their former estate, from which they have descended in order to obtain and mature a tabernacle of flesh. Their kindred spirits, their guardian angels then hover about them with the fondest affection, the most anxious solicitude. Spirit communes with spirit, thought meets thought, soul blends with soul, in all the raptures of mutual, pure and eternal love.

    In this situation the spiritual organs are susceptible of converse with Deity, or of communion with angels and the spirits of just men made perfect.

    In this situation we frequently hold communication with our departed father, mother, brother, sister, son or daughter; or with the former husband or wife of our bosom, whose affection for us, being rooted and grounded in the eternal elements, or issuing from under the sanctuary of Love’s eternal fountain, can never be lessened or diminished by death, distance of space, or length of years.

    We may, perhaps, have had a friend of the other sex, whose pulse beats in unison with our own; whose every thought was big with the aspirations, the hopes of a bright future in union with our own; whose happiness in time or in eternity would never be fully consummated without that union. Such a one, snatched from time in the very bloom of youth, lives in the other sphere, with the same bright hope, watching our every footstep, in our meanderings through the rugged path of life, with longing desires for our eternal happiness, and eager for our safe arrival in the same sphere.

    With what tenderness of love, with what solicitude of affection will they watch over our slumbers, hang about our pillow, and seek, by means of the spiritual fluid, to communicate with our spirits, to warn us of dangers or temptation, to comfort and soothe our sorrow, or to ward off the ills which might befall us, or perchance to give us some kind token of remembrance or undying love!

    It is the pure in heart, the lovers of truth and virtue, that will appreciate these remarks, for they know, by at least a small degree of experience, that these things are so. {4}

    TONGUES

    15 And again, to another, all kinds of tongues (Moroni 10:15);

    10 To another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues (1 Corinthians 12:10):

    24 And again, it is given to some to speak with tongues (D&C 46:24).

    INTERPRETATION OF TONGUES

    16 And again, to another, the interpretation of languages and of divers kinds of tongues (Moroni 10:16).

    10 To another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues (1 Corinthians 12:10):

    25 And to another is given the interpretation of tongues (D&C 46:25).

    Articles of Faith:7
    7 We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions, healing, interpretation of tongues, and so forth.

    The gift of tongues apparently has two purposes. One is to be part of a deeply spiritual experience so that those present may bear testimony of the power of the Spirit of God.

    Speaking in tongues was relatively common when the Church was young in back-country New York and in Kirtland. At that time numerous itinerant Protestant preachers were forever holding highly “spiritual” (translate: emotional) camp meetings. Reports of some of those meetings say speaking in tongues was accompanied by excited, “enthusiastic” frenzies. {5} The Prophet Joseph was concerned that such displays did not happen in LDS meetings. He said,

    The gift of tongues is the smallest gift perhaps of the whole, and yet it is one that is the most sought after. {6}

    Be not so curious about tongues, do not speak in tongues except there be an interpreter present; the ultimate design of tongues is to speak to foreigners, and if persons are very anxious to display their intelligence, let them speak to such in their own tongues. The gifts of God are all useful in their place, but when they are applied to that which God does not intend, they prove an injury, a snare and a curse instead of a blessing.(June 15, 1842.) {7}

    It appears that one reason speaking in tongues was relatively common in the LDS Church was to show the Saints the contrast between the “camp meeting spirituality” and the peaceful, yet profound spirituality that is the manifesting of the Holy Ghost. Here are three accounts of such experiences by Brigham Young, Wilford Woodruff, and Heber J. Grant.

    Brigham Young prayed in a tongue which the Prophet Joseph identified as the Adamic language.

    The same evening after their arrival, Brigham relates, Joseph called a few of the brethren together, and “we conversed on the things of the kingdom. He [Joseph] called upon me to pray; in my prayer I spoke in tongues. As soon as we arose from our knees the brethren flocked around him and asked his opinion concerning the gift of tongues that was upon me. He told them it was the pure Adamic language. Some said to him they expected he would condemn the gift Brother Brigham had, but he said, ‘No, it is of God, and the time will come when Brother Brigham Young will preside over the Church.’ ”
    The Prophet Joseph Smith had never heard the gift of tongues until he heard it from Brigham that day, and by the gift of prophecy he knew that a great man and a great leader had joined his standard. {8}

    Wilford Woodruff reported that during a meeting one of the brethren blessed him in tongues and prophesied about his future. The Prophet Joseph presided at that meeting.

    At about candle light the meeting commenced with great interest Joseph requested the congregation to speak their feelings freely & pray according to the spirit the saints began to open their mouths & they were filled with language unto edification one a prayer another an exortation some a doctrin & a Psalms others a toungue. some an interpretation Prophecy was also poured out upon us & all things was done decently & in order & the night was spent gloriously by the saints much of the gifts of the gospel rested upon us. One Brother clothed with the gift of tongues laid his hands upon my head and prophesied great blessing upon me another Brother possessing the interpretation uttered it unto me to my joy & consolation with the many blessing pronounced upon my head he rehersed the blessing that Jacob pronounced upon the heads of Joseph & said that I should possess the blessings of heaven & of earth & be much blessed in my ministry &c. much Prophecy was uttered upon the heads of many of the Saints in other languages & was interpreted which was glorious, thus was this day & night spent gloriously & those scenes will long be remembered. {9}

    Heber J. Grant told of a blessing he received when he was just a little boy from Eliza R. Snow.

    I seldom hear a hymn written by Sister Eliza R. Snow sung in any of our meetings, or sing one myself, that I do not thank God for the gift of tongues to that noble woman. She gave to me a blessing when I was a child, predicting incidents in my life, promising me that I should grow to manhood and become one of the leaders in the Church of Christ, Sister Zina D. Young giving the interpretation. I thank God that we have the gift of tongues. {10}

    The second reason for the gift of tongues is “to build up and strengthen the kingdom of God,” as Joseph Fielding Smith explained.

    Answer: There has been no cessation of the gift of tongues. Perhaps the idea of some members of the Church is that this gift belongs to the testimony meetings of the fast day. It is true that messages have been given in such meetings, and when this was so, it was evidently for the benefit of a portion of the congregation who may have had the gift of interpretation. Manifestations of this character are, and should be, rare, for this is not the real purpose of this great gift. The gift of tongues is not something for the entertainment of members, nor is it for the purpose of creating awe or to increase faith in those who are weak. The gift of tongues and the interpretation of tongues are given for the purpose of helping to build up and strengthen the kingdom of God. {11}

    Many of us believe that the relative quickness of the way missionaries learn foreign and sometimes very difficult languages is a quiet, but very real manifestation of the gift of tongues.

    However, there are times when it is very public. One of my favorite stories is this one told by President David O. McKay.

    The occasion was a conference held at Huntly, New Zealand, a thousand people assembled. Before that time I had spoken through interpreters in China, Hawaii, Holland, and other places, but I felt impressed on that occasion to speak in the English language. In substance I said, “I have never been much of an advocate of the necessity of tongues in our Church, but today I wish I had that gift. But I haven’t. However, I am going to speak to you, my brothers and sisters, in my native tongue and pray that you may have the gift of interpretation of tongues. We will ask Brother Stuart Meha who is going to interpret for me, to make notes, and if necessary he may give us a summary of my talk afterwards.”
    Well, the outpouring of the gift of tongues on that occasion was most remarkable. Following the end of my sermon Brother Sid Christy, who was a student of Brigham Young University, a Maori, who had returned to New Zealand, rushed up and said, “Brother McKay, they got your message!”
    ….
    President George Albert Smith and Brother Rufus K. Hardy visited New Zealand several years after that event, and Brother Hardy, hearing of the event, brought home testimonies of those who were present, and he took the occasion to have those testimonies notarized. So it is the gift of interpretation rather than the gift of tongues, that was remarkable. {12}

    THE CONCLUSIONS

    In each of these three scriptures, the sequence about the gifts of the Spirit concludes with the assurance that it is God who decides who will receive these gifts and when they will be manifested.

    17 And all these gifts come by the Spirit of Christ; and they come unto every man severally, according as he will.
    18 And I would exhort you, my beloved brethren, that ye remember that every good gift cometh of Christ (Moroni 10:17-18).

    11 But all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to every man severally as he will (1 Corinthians 12:11).

    26 And all these gifts come from God, for the benefit of the children of God.
    27 And unto the bishop of the church, and unto such as God shall appoint and ordain to watch over the church and to be elders unto the church, are to have it given unto them to discern all those gifts lest there shall be any among you professing and yet be not of God.
    28 And it shall come to pass that he that asketh in Spirit shall receive in Spirit;
    29 That unto some it may be given to have all those gifts, that there may be a head, in order that every member may be profited thereby.
    30 He that asketh in the Spirit asketh according to the will of God; wherefore it is done even as he asketh.
    31 And again, I say unto you, all things must be done in the name of Christ, whatsoever you do in the Spirit;
    32 And ye must give thanks unto God in the Spirit for whatsoever blessing ye are blessed with.
    33 And ye must practise virtue and holiness before me continually. Even so. Amen (D&C 46:26-33).
    ———————–

    FOOTNOTES

    {1} For several discussions of prophets returning to the Council in Heaven to reaffirm their covenants, search “sode” in this website.

    {2} See “sode experience” in the subject index of Who Shall Ascend into the Hill of the Lord.

    {3} Joseph F. Smith, From Prophet to Son: Advice of Joseph F. Smith to His Missionary Sons, compiled by Hyrum M. Smith III and Scott G. Kenney (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1981), 39 – 40. Italics in original.

    {4} Parley P. Pratt, Key to the Science of Theology/A Voice of Warning (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1965), 120-22.

    {5} Whitney R. Cross, The Burned-over District: The social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York, 1800-1850.

    {6} Joseph Smith, Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, selected and arranged by Joseph Fielding Smith (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1976), 246.

    {7} Joseph Smith, Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, 247.

    {8}Preston Nibley, The Presidents of the Church, 13th ed., rev. and enl. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1974), 39-40.

    {9} The Kirtland Diary of Wilford Woodruff by Dean C. Jessee Fn, BYU Studies, vol. 12 (1971-1972), Number 4 – Summer 1972, 391.

    {10} Elder Heber J. Grant., Conference Report, October 1913, Outdoor Meeting. 91-92.

    {11} Joseph Fielding Smith, Answers to Gospel Questions, 5 vols. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1957-1966), 2: 26.

    {12} David O. McKay, Gospel Ideals: Selections from the Discourses of David O. McKay (Salt Lake City: Improvement Era, 1953), 552. DNCS, October 18, 1952, p. 2.

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  • Moroni 10:8-18 — gifts of the Spirit — wisdom, knowledge, faith, healing, miracles in Moroni 10:8-18, 1 Corinthians 12:1-11, D&C 46:8-33.– LeGrand Baker

    Like much of the scriptures, Moroni’s list of gifts may be understood in our every-day language like we might discuss it in Sunday School, or it might be read as having to do only with priesthood authority and responsibility. That is the way I wish to discuss it here.

    In the scriptures there are three comparable lists of the spiritual gifts. But since each one lists the gifts in the same order, and that order is a progression upward, we are probably correct in concluding that they are not lists at all but sequences. If sequences, then the order in which they appear teaches us almost as much about the gifts as naming them does.

    These sequences are in Moroni 10:8-18, 1 Corinthians 12:1-11, Doctrine and Covenants 46:8-33.

    While each begins with a testimony of the Savior, that testimony is also a warning about resisting the truth. Moroni’s is in the conclusion of his exhortation that we must pray to know the truth of “these things.”

    5 And by the power of the Holy Ghost ye may know the truth of all things.
    6 And whatsoever thing is good is just and true; wherefore, nothing that is good denieth the Christ, but acknowledgeth that he is.
    7 And ye may know that he is, by the power of the Holy Ghost; wherefore I would exhort you that ye deny not the power of God; for he worketh by power, according to the faith of the children of men, the same today and tomorrow, and forever (Moroni 10:5-7).

    Paul’s is similar, a testimony and also a warning.

    1 Now concerning spiritual gifts, brethren, I would not have you ignorant.
    2 Ye know that ye were Gentiles, carried away unto these dumb idols, even as ye were led.
    3 Wherefore I give you to understand, that no man speaking by the Spirit of God calleth Jesus accursed: and that no man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but by the Holy Ghost (1 Corinthians 12:1-3).

    The Prophet Joseph’s revelation is also a warning and a testimony. However, in this case the warning is more specific. The gifts are not toys to be used for entertainment nor to be sought after as a sign. The reason for the warning, though not spelled out here, is that most of these gifts can be counterfeited. Unscrupulous religionists use such counterfeited signs as evidence of their spiritual superiority. The Lord instructed the early Saints:

    8 Wherefore, beware lest ye are deceived; and that ye may not be deceived seek ye earnestly the best gifts, always remembering for what they are given;
    9 For verily I say unto you, they are given for the benefit of those who love me and keep all my commandments, and him that seeketh so to do; that all may be benefited that seek or that ask of me, that ask and not for a sign that they may consume it upon their lusts.
    10 And again, verily I say unto you, I would that ye should always remember, and always retain in your minds what those gifts are, that are given unto the church.
    11 For all have not every gift given unto them; for there are many gifts, and to every man is given a gift by the Spirit of God (D&C 46:8-11).

    After the testimonies and warnings in each sequence, there is a statement about how the gifts are administered and for whom they are appropriate.

    8 And again, I exhort you, my brethren, that ye deny not the gifts of God, for they are many; and they come from the same God. And there are different ways that these gifts are administered; but it is the same God who worketh all in all; and they are given by the manifestations of the Spirit of God unto men, to profit them (Moroni 10:8).

    4 Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit.
    5 And there are differences of administrations, but the same Lord.
    6 And there are diversities of operations, but it is the same God which worketh all in all.
    7 But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal (1 Corinthians 12:4-7).

    15 And again, to some it is given by the Holy Ghost to know the differences of administration, as it will be pleasing unto the same Lord, according as the Lord will, suiting his mercies according to the conditions of the children of men.
    16 And again, it is given by the Holy Ghost to some to know the diversities of operations, whether they be of God, that the manifestations of the Spirit may be given to every man to profit withal (D&C 46:15-16).

    TEACH THE WORD OF WISDOM

    9 For behold, to one is given by the Spirit of God, that he may teach the word of wisdom (Moroni 10:9);

    8 For to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge by the same Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:8);

    17 And again, verily I say unto you, to some is given, by the Spirit of God, the word of wisdom (D&C 46:17).

    Wisdom is knowing the mind and ways of God. She is personified in the first three chapters of Proverbs as a woman who instructs youth about the purposes of God. The Proverbs are purportedly the teachings of King Solomon to his son.

    1 My son, if thou wilt receive my words, and hide my commandments with thee;
    2 So that thou incline thine ear unto wisdom, and apply thine heart to understanding;
    3 Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, and liftest up thy voice for understanding;
    4 If thou seekest her as silver, and searchest for her as for hid treasures;
    5 Then shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord, and find the knowledge of God.
    6 For the Lord giveth wisdom: out of his mouth cometh knowledge and understanding.
    7 He layeth up sound wisdom for the righteous: he is a buckler to them that walk uprightly.
    8 He keepeth the paths of judgment, and preserveth the way of his saints.
    9 Then shalt thou understand righteousness, and judgment, and equity; yea, every good path.
    10 When wisdom entereth into thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant unto thy soul;
    11 Discretion shall preserve thee, understanding shall keep thee:
    12 To deliver thee from the way of the evil man, from the man that speaketh froward things;
    13 Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness (Proverbs 2:1-13).
    …..
    5 Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding.
    6 In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths.
    7 Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the Lord, and depart from evil.
    8 It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones.
    9 Honour the Lord with thy substance, and with the firstfruits of all thine increase:
    10 So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine (Proverbs 3:5-10).

    This says that wisdom is our personal power, and by its use we can judge good from evil, right from wrong. Following chapter 3, Proverbs becomes a long list of the things one must do to live equitably, honestly, and comfortably in this world. Ultimately, wisdom is “The right use or exercise of knowledge; the choice of laudable ends, and of the best means to accomplish them.” {1}

    The power of wisdom in the first chapters of Proverbs is very much like the power of light in Mormon’s sermon:

    18 And now, my brethren, seeing that ye know the light by which ye may judge, which light is the light of Christ, see that ye do not judge wrongfully; for with that same judgment which ye judge ye shall also be judged.
    19 Wherefore, I beseech of you, brethren, that ye should search diligently in the light of Christ that ye may know good from evil; and if ye will lay hold upon every good thing, and condemn it not, ye certainly will be a child of Christ (Moroni 7:18-19).

    To teach wisdom is to teach the covenants and commandments of God. Abinadi understood this when he challenged king Noah and his priests:

    27 Ye have not applied your hearts to understanding; therefore, ye have not been wise. Therefore, what teach ye this people?
    28 And they said: We teach the law of Moses (Mosiah 12:27-28).

    KNOWLEDGE

    10 And to another, that he may teach the word of knowledge by the same Spirit (Moroni 10:10);

    8 For to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge by the same Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:8);

    18 To another is given the word of knowledge, that all may be taught to be wise and to have knowledge (D&C 46:18).

    One can know lots of things in our world, and many of them are doors to our social, emotional, and material comfort. Their use can bring us security, power, pleasure, money, and even peace. But very little of what we learn in the universities of this world is actually “truth.” Truth is knowledge of reality in sacred time:

    24 And truth is knowledge of things as they are, and as they were, and as they are to come;
    25 And whatsoever is more or less than this is the spirit of that wicked one who was a liar from the beginning.
    26 The Spirit of truth is of God. I am the Spirit of truth, and John bore record of me, saying: He received a fulness of truth, yea, even of all truth;
    27 And no man receiveth a fulness unless he keepeth his commandments.
    28 He that keepeth his commandments receiveth truth and light, until he is glorified in truth and knoweth all things (D&C 93:24-28).

    Even in this world, we can know some things that are eternal truth. That Jesus is the Christ is truth. That the priesthood is real is truth. The principles of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution are true; they are not truth, but truth is embedded within them.

    Like Wisdom, knowledge of truth is a gift of the Spirit to the meek, that is, to those who keep their eternal covenants. {2} The Lord said:

    1 Verily I say unto you my friends, I speak unto you with my voice, even the voice of my Spirit, that I may show unto you my will concerning your brethren in the land of Zion, many of whom are truly humble and are seeking diligently to learn wisdom and to find truth.
    2 Verily, verily I say unto you, blessed are such, for they shall obtain; for I, the Lord, show mercy unto all the meek, and upon all whomsoever I will, that I may be justified when I shall bring them unto judgment (D&C 97:1-2).

    Truth is a delicate flower that must be nurtured and protected by the uses of wisdom. But, as the Savior warned Nicodemus, it is to be shared very judiciously.

    11 Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness (John 3:11).

    In the Savior’s warning the word “ye” is plural. He is not saying that Nicodemus will not receive his witness, but that the Pharisees will not receive their witnesses. Implicit in that statement is the dual ideas the Savior expressed in the Sermon on the Mount:

    6 Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn again and rend you.
    7 Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you (Matthew 7:6-7).

    In Alma’s challenge to Zeezrom, he spelled out those principles very clearly:

    9 And now Alma began to expound these things unto him, saying: It is given unto many to know the mysteries of God; nevertheless they are laid under a strict command that they shall not impart only according to the portion of his word which he doth grant unto the children of men, according to the heed and diligence which they give unto him.
    10 And therefore, he that will harden his heart, the same receiveth the lesser portion of the word; and he that will not harden his heart, to him is given the greater portion of the word, until it is given unto him to know the mysteries of God until he know them in full.
    11 And they that will harden their hearts, to them is given the lesser portion of the word until they know nothing concerning his mysteries; and then they are taken captive by the devil, and led by his will down to destruction. Now this is what is meant by the chains of hell (Alma 12:9-11).

    FAITH

    11 And to another, exceedingly great faith (Moroni 10:11);

    9 To another faith by the same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing by the same Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:9);

    19 And again, to some it is given to have faith to be healed (D&C 46:19).

    As I have explained many times, faith in the New Testament and Book of Mormon is pistis, meaning a legal covenant or contract. {3} To act in faith is to act in accordance with the terms of the covenant. The Savior is the personification of his Father’s covenant. In the Atonement he fulfilled all of the terms of that covenant. On our part, the terms are that we live and act according to the covenants we have made. As the Father’s covenant was validated by the Savior’s life and the ordinances of the Atonement, even so, on our part, the covenants must be validated by the appropriate ordinances and the lives we live in fulfillment of our covenants. Since there is always a new name associated with each new covenant, the word “name” is often code for the covenant. As we pray, we do it in the name of Jesus Christ, thereby evoking the terms of the covenant, just as Mormon explained:

    38 For no man can be saved, according to the words of Christ, save they shall have faith in his name; wherefore, if these things have ceased, then has faith ceased also; and awful is the state of man, for they are as though there had been no redemption made (Moroni 7:38).

    One of the best examples of the way faith/pistis works is the story told in a single verse of the book of Ether.

    30 For the brother of Jared said unto the mountain Zerin, Remove—and it was removed. And if he had not had faith it would not have moved; wherefore thou workest after men have faith (Ether 12:30).

    I understand that to read this way: “if he had not had faith [That is, if he had not properly executed the terms of the covenant by the words he spoke to the mountain, the authority with which he spoke, and probably the way held his arm to the square] it would not have moved….wherefore thou workest after men have faith.” That is, the brother of Jared could not have decided on his own to move the mountain. Rather, the covenant with God had to be in place before the brother of Jared could move the mountain.
    HEALING

    11 and to another, the gifts of healing by the same Spirit (Moroni 10:11);

    9 To another faith by the same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing by the same Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:9);

    19 And again, to some it is given to have faith to be healed;
    20 And to others it is given to have faith to heal (D&C 46:19-20).

    As it is usually done, healing by priesthood and by faith follows the form of a covenant. The oil and the placement of the hands are the visible ordinances. They, plus the evoking of the powers of the priesthood in the name of the Savior, are the validation of the covenant. The terms of the covenant are dictated by the Holy Ghost and are spoken by the man performing the ordinance.
    WORKING OF MIRACLES

    12 And again, to another, that he may work mighty miracles (Moroni 10:12);

    10 To another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues (1 Corinthians 12:10):

    21 And again, to some is given the working of miracles (D&C 46:21);

    Mormon teaches that all miracles performed by proper priesthood authority are performed according to the terms of a covenant (Moroni 7:25-38). However, as we can all testify, not all miracles come about through observable, formal priesthood authority — at least not by priesthood intervention that we are aware of. Mormon assured us:

    35 And now, my beloved brethren, if this be the case that these things are true which I have spoken unto you, and God will show unto you, with power and great glory at the last day, that they are true, and if they are true has the day of miracles ceased?
    36 Or have angels ceased to appear unto the children of men? Or has he withheld the power of the Holy Ghost from them? Or will he, so long as time shall last, or the earth shall stand, or there shall be one man upon the face thereof to be saved?
    37 Behold I say unto you, Nay; for it is by faith that miracles are wrought; and it is by faith that angels appear and minister unto men; wherefore, if these things have ceased wo be unto the children of men, for it is because of unbelief, and all is vain (Moroni 7:35-37).

    This discussion of the gifts of the Spirit will be continued next week with prophecy, angels, tongues, interpretation of tongues .

    ———————–
    FOOTNOTES

    {1}Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828.

    {2}See my discussion of Psalm 25 in this website. There we read, “The secret [sode] of the Lord is with them that fear him; and he will shew them his covenant (Psalms 25:14).”

    {3} See my discussion of faith/pistis in “Moroni 7:19-39 — ‘faith in Christ’ — pistis, covenant, contract – LeGrand Baker

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